Category: Book I

  • The Seashell by the Window

    The sadi has opened, at a limited capacity. Long before sunrise, it yawned as people started preparing for the day and as the first light hit the mud-covered streets, its heart gave its first jolt and the central kitchen opened to serve the workers with a hot drink and a meal before setting off to clear the mud and debris, assess the wreckage and start rebuilding the shattered city. Some people sang or hummed to themselves. Not joyful songs, but songs of perseverance and solidarity. “It’s time to move on”, they sang. “Move on together”. Songs that gave them strength to face their wrecked homes and build a new future instead.

    Angavu stood at the center of the heart, orchestrating the cooks and the chefs and making sure it all flows in harmony. She wouldn’t yell but her loud authoritative voice thundered in the kitchen as the chefs answered her questions and orders in army-like precision. Sandwiches and pastries wrapped in banana leaves tied with a cotton string, porridges and soups in coconut husks turned into clay pots, fruits and vegetables. One can imagine her as having dozens tentacles, all working in unison in a beautiful dance to create mouth-watering meals. Nothing is eluded from her, especially not Wanjiru standing at the entrance to the kitchen. Their gaze locked with understanding. She asked her colleague to come take her place as she stepped away from the conductor’s podium and walked to the younger woman. She wiped her own hands on her apron before embracing Wanjiru.

    “It is time”, she said, holding Winjiru’s hands tight. Wanjiru just nodded and smiled, exhaustingly.

    “It will be us and his four neighbours, it shouldn’t take long”, said Wanjiru, apologetically.

    “It will take as long as it takes”.

    “It’s a small apartment, I promise you’ll be back for lunch time”.

    “We were planning to make tagine. I know it’s your favourite, we can come back together”.

    “Yes, that would be nice”.

    They walked together. A woman in her later forties and a woman well past her sixties that anyone who knows better would know it’s best not to question her age. They walked hand in hand, although it wasn’t exactly clear if one was carrying the other. They were there for each other, in every sense there is.

    If one would ask Wanjiru why she chose to be a mother she will answer that her first memory was her as a toddler getting up in the middle of the night to hug a crying baby to sleep. Perhaps it wasn’t true but the story was told so many times it rooted itself as an essential part of who she was. At least that was the story as she was told by the parent who was in charge of the nursery that night. It wasn’t her biological mother or father, as all the parents took turns looking after the children, but it was one of her parents just the same.

    Nurseries often consisted of about three to six children and double the number of parents – either the biological parents or other adults who wished to take care of toddlers. The carers sole responsibility was to take care of the children and their household. During the day, The children were looked after by some of the adults while the others rested or tended to the household chores such as cleaning or preparing food.

    Perhaps it was her motherly nature, perhaps it was her environment that nudged her in that direction but she was happy of being a mother just the same. She was proud of all the children she reared and raised or at least been a part of her life and they all loved and admired her as their mother. Her transition to the role of a pastor felt the most natural step for her.

    Otesha, on the other hand, never had the desire for children of his own. For no particular reason, he was simply not interested. In contrast to other cultures, where children are told from an early age they’re expected to go to school; find a job; find a partner; have children; mortgage; pet and continue the traditional circle of life, it is now common to encourage children to pursue their own goals, dreams and aspirations. Otesha had friends, he was loved and cherished but his true love was the sea. He worked in the communal seaweed farm and loved every moment of it.

    Eventually Angavu and Wanjiru entered a small enclosed garden surrounded by apartments. It was a fruit garden, albeit big clumps were torn off by the storm. Out of the 5 fruit trees that fed the surrounding households, only one remained standing still, the rest laid in rest, smashed against the wall while two were completely blown away. Four neighbours have already started clearing up and making small piles of debris and broken woods. When one of them, Zuri, saw Wanjiru come in she gave a short whistle to get everyone’s attention and stood up to hug Wanjiru. Wanjiru hugged her back as she felt the tears soaking on her shoulder.

    They talked a bit and shared their condolences. Eventually Wanjiru held the hands of the two people next to her and as they naturally held each other, they knew it was time to press on.

    The apartment door wasn’t locked. It wasn’t uncommon as the people of Mombasa grew without the fear of burglary or intrusion. Even child delinquency was considered merely innocent mischief. In truth, people were considered responsible adults and treated as such in both respect and responsibility sometime even before puberty. People learned to respect each other’s privacy and ownership and despite having a considerably different sense of ownership, no one ever felt their home was invaded by a malicious agent, jealous of something they might have. The only locked doors were to protect against danger such as medicine cabins or electricity boards, and even then – it was usually a simple mechanism to prevent the door from opening on its own, rather than a key that a single individual might hold.

    The windows were closed and the only light came in through the door, dust floating in the light rays. Mud covered the floor and marks on the clay wall showed the flood water reached knee high. Several photos that were soaked and now dry rested on the floor. Angavu and another ibu went to open the window and let the light flood the small apartment. Most apartments were built in such a way that during day-time there’s no need for artificial light. Angavu picked up a small seashell from the windowsill and rubbed its rugged texture with her thumb. A small smile crept to the corner of her eyes as memories flooded her mind and flashed before her eyes.

    “Hello friend”, she whispered gently and put the seashell back.

    Wanjiru had her first child at the age of 20. It’s considered early but not unheard of. She spent the six years before that travelling and experiencing the world and two more years at the nursery mothering other children before deciding she was finally ready to have a baby herself. Finding a biological father for her child wasn’t a big issue since the children are raised by the community so there’s less pressure to find “the right one”. One of the adults in her kana that medical checks proved isn’t blood-related was happily volunteering. There was no doubt he was a wonderful father. That said, had it just been the two of them raising their child, she may have picked differently. 

    For the next twelve years, she had five more children. At its peak, the kana had twenty children. It might sound overwhelming, but there were plenty of adults around, and the children looked after one another from very early on. Being a parent isn’t a duty to be taken lightly, and parents are usually quite respected in their community—even by most childless adults. Population decline has taken a massive toll on humanity, and although many see the extinction of the human race as “sad, but not the end of the world,” most people are happy to support parents and share some of their burdens. With the exception of some hermits, everyone knows that a fulfilling social life requires other people, and they’re happy to contribute to the cause, even if not by rearing children themselves, often by becoming kamobos.

    Wanjiru put the empty cardboard boxes on the table but she needed a moment to sit down and compose herself. She knew why she was there. She knew what she was ought to do, but all of a sudden it felt too big, too impossibly big, wrong even. It felt like killing someone, like erasing them from existence.

    As a toddler Otesha loved running in the early morning, just before dawn break and seeing the sea-ferrers navigate their small boats out of the harbour. They often waved at him and he could recite the name of each boat to everyone’s delight. Soon after that he would join to see what their day looked like. This is how he met and fell in love with the woman who soon became his kamobo and mentor. She was a marine biologist and luckily, she had the time and patience to teach the young boy everything she knew about the sea.

    Angavu came and put her hand on Wanjiru who was still sitting on the chair next to the empty cardboard boxes.

    “They used to have this myth, you know, that it’s easier to rip a bandaid in a single swift.”

    Wanjiru chuckled. “Easier for the impatient doctor perhaps.”

    She rested her cheek on Angavu’s hand that was on her shoulder, then patted it and stood up. “Come, someone in the refugee camp is going to be grateful to have this place as their new home”.

    The apartment was very big, considering it served a single person. It had two rooms, separated by a thick curtain made of recycled polyester. Its colors looked faded but a simplistic washed-out illustration of a sunflower rising beyond cloudy mountains was still visible. The bottom of the curtain was still soaked and stretch-marks were subtly showing at the top as the weight was pulling at the hooks that held it to its rail. One of the men started taking it off in order to help it dry. The walls were made of terracotta clay but now suffered from dampness at their bottoms. Once everything is taken out of the apartment, someone will use a portable microwave gun to evaporate the excess water and discard any mold that might build up. Wanjiru made a mental note to get it done before the new tenant comes in.

    The entrance door led to the main room, which had a small utility kitchen and a dining table fitted for six people. Considering there were plenty of communal kitchens and dining halls, it was quite telling of a person who lived on his own but would still wish to host guests. The kitchen sink was filled to its brim with soaked dishes, which was also quite telling.

    The bedroom was very functional with a single person bed on one side and a desk on the other. A slate laid still on the desk. It had no password as people normally trusted one another and found it much easier to use devices that don’t require consistent authentication. This one had a ‘to do’ list of actions that someone else will now need to take care of. There were plenty of other small artifacts, collectibles and memorabilia – some on the desk and some on the shelves on the wall. The common theme that linked them most of them, as far as Wanjiru could tell, was their sea salt corrosion that eroded their fine details. They belonged to a past long forgotten. They were memories and stories of past lives, and now they had one more story to tell.

    Zuri started collecting the old photos, those that were still hanging on the wall and those that fell on the floor and got soaked. It was quite tedious as she looked carefully on each one and wrote the details to the best of her knowledge on each picture that wasn’t already detailed. Aside from slates, people normally didn’t have electronic devices to keep photos and document their lives. In general they took far less photos than time past as being present and drinking every little bit of detail was considered more meaningful. They also like retelling stories as a way of preserving their memories. Photos they took were more often than not printed and cherished – in albums, or hanging on the wall. They would argue – “why else would you make the effort to take the picture to begin with?”. She then found a photo that brought tears to her eyes. Trembling, she brought the photo to Wanjiru who was busy sorting out cutlery.

    “What is it?”

    “It’s a namesday”

    The photo showed a crowd of a few dozen people huddled together with the birthday boy in the front holding his cake with six candles on it. They all looked happy in the photo, wearing bright colourful clothes and silly birthday hats made of woven long green weed. He was loved and cherished by so many people. Wanjiru could easily find herself in the photo. She looked brimming with joy, and Angavu looked blissfully happy.

    Otesha’s kamobos were proud of him. He was responsible for a large area of seaweed forest just off the shore of Mombasa. Spending most of his youth with the seafarers, as he became older he was content to stay close to his family and friends and started helping at the seaweed farms and at the age of sixteen he was given a small patch to cultivate on his own. Seaweeds are extremely useful for many purposes, from medicine to food and they’re quite easy to nurture. They can be used to dress wounds, to purify water, to make bioplastics and fermented seaweed can be used to make biofuel. However Otesha focused only on seaweed for human consumption. It can be eaten as-is, although despite the selective breeding process the taste is still “a work in process”, as Otesha would admit, and the texture is still off-putting. It can be dried as used as a snack or a wrap. But often it is grounded to powder that can be used as a high-protein flour substitute. It nearly surpassed wheat production, mainly because of its better land usage as it can be grown vertically up to 30 meters deep.

    He was quite modest regarding his farm and when praised about the produce he shrugged it off by saying he always feels he barely gets any work done. In reality his farm was one of the well-kept farms in the region. He gave credits to his friend, but often failed to mention the reason he doesn’t attend the farm as much as he would argue he should, was that he spent a healthy amount of the day playing with his friends. His friends, that is a family of four bottlenose dolphins, would cater the farm for him, eating pests such as urchins and snails and getting rid of algae and barnacles. All that was left for him was to harvest the daily supply of seaweed and bring it to the sadi.

    Wanjiru opened a closet and took out the small pile of clothes that were there. Besides one drawer with a fancy-looking shirt and a pair of slacks, the rest of the clothes had a faint, but undeniable scent of the ocean. She considered which box should fit these. They had boxes for practical things that other people might find useful such as pots and utensils. Or boxes for pretty things such as art pieces and books. They weren’t useful in any way, but they made the room feel special to anyone who walked into it. And lastly there were the personal items – journal and photographs. They won’t mean to a stranger, but they would mean the world to anyone who knew him. Wanjiru brought the plain, ocean-scented shirt into her face and inhaled deeply, letting the salty tears soak into fabric. In her own little ceremony she thanked each article of cloth and put it in the box for practical things that someone else would appreciate using.

    He always rushed his morning maintenance routine, his kamobo-mama would warn him to be more mindful.

    “You don’t want to find yourself in a leaking boat again”, she would naggingly remind him. It was quite an embarrassing experience, sitting in a half sunken boat five kilometres from the shore waiting for someone to come pick him, his daily harvest floating away in a big pile next to him. Fortunately for him, a dolphin bobbed his head next to him and they started playing catch with an orange he had with him, until someone came to his rescue a few hours later. The next day, he was much more diligent with the morning routine of checking his equipment, the boat and the weather. The dolphin came again and he spent some time playing with him. Over time a few other dolphins joined them and they would spend hours playing and goofing around. His kamobo-mama, who actually specialised in sharks, helped him learn how to communicate with his new friends and perhaps their meaningful interactions were more about presence rather than exchange of words, they could exchange basic instructions to one another. After some time, he noticed they started helping him in hour farm chores so he could spend more time playing with them and over time he would come to the farm only to realise they’ve done everything they could on their part and his responsibility was reduced to fixing the strings on which the seaweed grew and cropping his daily harvest. He would be one of the first farmers to return every day from the sea, utterly exhausted after spending most of the day playing instead of actually doing his chores.

    In the long ago past, people in general and women in particular, had to choose between parenthood and career. The combination was possible with the support of a community or at least a loving partner, but often required a level of sacrifice – of either of the two, or of anything else. Very few managed to juggle it altogether. As the population declined at an alarming rate, society decided that parenthood should be considered a life ambition, not any less respected than a teacher for example as both roles were trying to improve the future of mankind. But at the age of forty Wanjiru decided she wants more from life. With the support of her kana she went back to study and a couple of years later she became a pastor in her community.

    Pastors provided guidance and guards in their community. Over the years the role lost its religious meaning and instead evolved to replace the now decommissioned police patrol officers and social case workers. She was responsible for the civil order and the well being of her community. She was still a mother, she explained, just to a lot more people.

    Family dinners were always important, but in a household of twenty children it can be a bit hectic and lose its intimacy. But it was important to them and a lot of effort was made to make it work. First the toddlers were fed, often with a lot of help from their elders siblings. Then the adults would split into two groups to dine with the younger and then the older children. Each child had an opportunity to tell about their day and discuss the family matters. They learned to listen and ask questions and have a critical conversation about their passions and feelings. That was the part she missed most as a pastor, as she was invited to other family dinners so often. Her children had grown and understood the importance of her role but they still rejoiced to be with her. Sometimes they asked to tag along. They were proud of her, and were happy to share her, knowing she brings her blessing wherever she goes.

    As the last boxes were taken out, Wanjiru was suddenly struck with an overwhelming sense of loneliness. You can be surrounded with all the loving, caring people in the world but if that one person that your heart yearns for is gone, you will feel lonely. What she would’ve given to see him smile one last time, to hear his laugh or touch his face, to say her final goodbye. Wanjiru broke down crying. Before her knees collapsed under her she was hugged by a firm embrace and soothing voice. Perhaps Angavu was never a biological mother but she anticipated it and was there for her beloved friend. Wanjiru sobbed as she felt a part of her life torn away. It wasn’t the memories that haunted her, rather than her wishes. Your child will never be only his past, rather than all what he could’ve been, who he might’ve become. And this was taken away from her. All six of them huddled together and cried.

    “There, there”, soothed her Angavu. “He will always remain in our hearts”. Death is an inevitable sadness, and the passing of one’s child is even more so a tragedy. There is no solution or a fix for it beyond acceptance and cherishing the moments we have together. A tree was planted, despite having no grave, on top of a hill with a view to the sea.

    In the stormy weeks leading to the hurricane, the dolphins migrated to safe havens down south, promising Otesha they’ll be back once the storm subsides. It wasn’t so obvious as the world climate derailed and, for example, the typhoons hitting Japan for more than a year rendered the island inhabitable. They stayed long enough to help him untie the buoys that held the seaweed strings. Laying them flat on the ocean floor wasn’t ideal, but it will be much easier to recover than rebuilding the entire system from scratch. Sitting at home waiting for the storm to pass made him giddy. For a guy with constant prune fingers he sure didn’t like rain. The small underwater air-dome he constructed next to the farm so he could spend rainy days with his friends was taken ashore as it wouldn’t survive the stormy waves. He would spend his days transferring sand bags using a wheelbarrow he borrowed from a relative that already evacuated. It was a hard strenuous, job, and every night he would come back soaked with rain and sweat, only to go at it again the next day. He kept at it even after he himself moved to the refugee camp. Every morning going back to town and helping fortify it against the storm.

    And then the hurricane hit, and despite everything, he was at the wrong place at the wrong time. When the dolphins returned a few months later, it was his kamobo-mama that sobbingly shared the gracious news and the dolphins wailed as well. 

    The apartment laid empty, stripped from its humanity. The walls were bare and the cupboard was empty. Someone else would take it from here- remove the wall and prepare it for its new occupant. It is the neighbors’ responsibility to choose who will join their extended household. It would probably be a temporary tenant whose house was destroyed but oftentimes the temporary becomes permanent and when everyone makes an effort to get along, a stranger might be an interesting addition to the community. A small seashell is left on the windowsill. There’s nothing very special about it. Maybe it was left there by mistake. Maybe it was left as a welcome letter to the new tenant from the former one – “I was here once, and I loved the sea. I hope you love it too”.

  • Appendix I: 100 Ideas from Ecotopia

    Appendix 1: 100 Ideas for a better world, from Callenbach’s Ecotopia

    Ecotopia by Ernest Callenbach (self-published 1975) and its prequel “Ecotopia Emerging” (1981) describe an optimistic future taking place in 1999, 25 years from the present. The premise of the story falls under the category of “a visitor’s impressions” (similar to “News from Nowhere” by William Morris). In this story, an American journalist reports on his journey to the newly seceded state of Ecotopia. He recounts his impressions and encounters and ultimately decides to (spoiler alert) stay. Despite being saturated with interesting ideas, the plot is very thin, making it a good book for the converted who are willing to plow through.

    To his credit, Callenbach explores the transition towards his ideal future and doesn’t assume it was miraculously imposed. He also doesn’t expect the entire world to become eco-socialist in one swoop, which forces him to address interaction between the old and the new world. There’s a great deal of (justified?) suspicion towards the old world that led them to plant hidden nuclear bombs in major American cities as a deterrent against invasion. I’m not arguing I would have had a better solution but it’s a bit disappointing that he opted for a relatively violent solution.

    Describing a utopian society creates a conflict I encountered while writing my book regarding “good vs best”, as sometimes describing an ideal scenario means you can’t describe the small increments that should be implemented along the way.  Cars require special dispensation (meaning they are extremely rare), but at the same time engines are physically capped to 30mph and also easy to modify and fix. Those three concepts don’t really make sense when put together. Similarly, he mentions that bills have pictures of nature instead of famous people (like modern-day Brazil, by the way) but in all other aspects it seems that there is no currency in Ecotopia as money requires a finance system that very much contradicts the essence of Ecotopia.

    Reading Ecotopia in 2025 feels to me that it is a place governed by how I perceived Berkeley’s hippies from the 60s used to be-  with a liberal, positive attitude towards sex, drugs and  alternative family structures. There’s also a glorification of American-Indian culture in terms of fashion, ornament and attitude towards nature and against anything corporate or industrial. 

    He doesn’t mention much regarding cleanliness – I’d expect them to avoid industrialised cleaning-products and therefore be smellier than what we’re used to. Although they do have public baths, this was mentioned only once. It didn’t give me the impression it’s a daily ritual (unlike, for example, the repetitive reference to Japanese cleanliness in Shōgun by James Clavell). 

    Transportation

    1. Flight: No (commercial) flights over cities to prevent air and noise pollution. The nearest airport is 40 miles away from the city. Personally, I would argue that with the exception of emergencies, flights should be discouraged even further.
    2. Cars: Combustion engines require special dispensation. He doesn’t refer to boats or airplanes and obviously EV cars weren’t a thing in the 70s. Personally, I would argue against car-centered culture (wasteful parking spaces, road accidents and time-wasting traffic jams) in general but he doesn’t refer to it directly. He also mentions that cars are physically capped to 30 mph but it’s not clear which cars he is referring to.
    3. Trains: Small yet frequent MAGLEV-based trains. He describes in detail that instead of normal seats the trains have bag-like cushions and spongy carpets; huge windows and free refreshments. He also makes it a point to mention that the train is filled with ferns and small plants, and everyone knows their names, as well as recycling bins. Personally I’d prefer a proper seat.
    4. Transitioning to trains: As an alternative to the train, while it was built, he suggests using fast buses on the highway. These in turn provided information that later contributed to the train’s schedule
    5. Bicycles: Bicycles are highly encouraged for health reasons. Free white-painted bikes are available for everyone’s use whereas some theft is acceptable as it is still cheaper than providing more taxis or buses. I’m not sure who’d be interested in stealing them, assuming there’s an abundance of bicycles. A special “Night crew” returns the bikes every night to where they are needed. To me, this sounds like an unnecessary hassle.
    6. Canals: Callenbach suggests the old-tradition method of transporting goods on water canals, while emphasizing the water is clean enough to fish and swim in. He doesn’t specify its efficiency (or its engine) but gondolas are roughly the speed of walking. Similarly he suggests a system of underground conveyor belts. Personally, I think that other techniques are actually more complicated than he describes.

    Economy

    1. Stable vs Growth: Callenbach is a strong advocate for “stable-state economy”, which I think is an admirable view for someone who has yet to see the growth of the 80s and 90s. However there’s no clear-cut distinction between “stable” (abundance) and “stagnation” (scarcity). In a stable society, elements are maintained to a functioning level while in a stagnating society, systems are slowly deteriorating. As he put emphasis on only using compostable materials, I’m not sure how he suggests preventing the economy from stagnation.
    2. Pleasant workplaces: According to Callenbach, as part of a general economic overhaul the secession caused a financial collapse. Shortening the work week to mere 20 hours helped tackle the unemployment issue. However, he doesn’t explain how business owners simply double their staff. In Callenbach’s ideal workplace, people are treated with respect (and not as cogs). It’s more important that a job is pleasurable than efficient; It sounds like a very stress-free environment and I’m guessing there’s an economic burden that may cause the owner to worry about the employees’ ease. Worker-owned enterprises tend to be limited to about 300 people and beyond that they lose their efficiency. Enterprises care about work conditions as well as profits and members are happy with lower profit in exchange for a comfortable pace or better relations with their colleagues.
    3. In the ribbon-cutting ceremony for opening a factory, it is the workers (the builders?) that are being honoured – the factory belongs to them. Without being explicit about it, he describes a communist society. 
    4. “There’s no such thing as a thing-there are only systems” along with “Costs should include external margins and social costs”. Again, those are two nice ideas in principle but much more difficult to implement.
    5. Small stores are easier to manage. This, I feel, is not true – bigger stores have less overhead, but at the same time small stores give a much better sense of ownership for the workers. Personally I’m in favour of small stores as they do a better job keeping the money in the local community.
    6. Study groups from consumer co-ops that can put products on the “bad practice list”. Personally it sounded naive. I think more authority and enforcement is required for this at the same time for more accountability: how can we make sure decisions are implemented? How can we make sure the groups are keeping integrity?
    7. Research: Research institutes are separated from teaching institutes; Scientists in Ecotopia are forbidden to accept payments or favors from either state or private enterprises for any consultation or advice they offer. He doesn’t explain how scientists are expected to earn a living and I find it baffling.
    8. Apprenticeships are very common in the workplace. Personally, I think this is very useful, although I’m not sure if it applies to all kinds of jobs.
    9. Everything should be easy to repair and modify while being sturdy and durable at the same time. People repair on their own (so no repair shops) and products are sold unfinished to allow custom design of the finished product. Applying this idea to the “Mac (well-finished product) vs Linux (fully-customisable)”, I think it’s a big ask to expect everyone to care enough and be able to build their own Linux system, as opposed to simply buying a ready-to-go Mac system.
    10. The service industries (such as repair shops) are abolished. I’m not sure why he decided so – sure, it’s very admirable that everyone can fix their own broken equipment but that’s actually an unrealistic ask from the general population.
    11. Time-tyranny: fewer people wear watches and there’s less time management. I support the idea, but at the same time I think it’s quite naive- the only way to be unbothered by buses running late is if there’s such an abundance of them so it doesn’t impede your goals. De-prioritising “efficiency” creates a more care-free relaxed state of mind which isn’t inherently bad but I’m curious how many problems are actually truly resolved and not simply patched, only to break down again later.
    12. Lumber: Callenbach talks extensively about the “Forest service” (such as tree-planting) that needs to be sustainable: no clear-cutting; topsoil left intact to cut down on erosion; forests contain mixed ages and mixed species of trees; no export of lumber. Extensive areas, too steep or rugged to be lumbered without causing erosion, have been assigned wilderness status. He argues that livestock and agricultural production didn’t suffer from reforestation but doesn’t explain how (livestock requires huge areas to graze). He also talks extensively about lumber transport and suggests using electric tractors, tethered balloons, oxen and horses but eventually admits that trucks are still used to haul trees. This was one of the points he couldn’t find a sustainable solution.
    13. Taxes: Callenbach’s tax system works slightly differently than ours – on one hand taxes are relatively low and there’s no tax on personal income or property but on the other hand there are no super-rich as he abolished inheritance rights and prohibited absentee ownership. The rich might flee from such a society but Callenbach argues that the true capital (natural resources, infrastructure and consumer-base ) is immobile. Tax is focused on gross income of corporations and land tax (to encourage concentration). The tax revenues are mostly used to finance local infrastructure and services. A pro rata share goes to the regional and national government to support operation of larger services such as trains or defense. Surpluses can only be “invested” by lending them to the national banking system, which in turn lends money to fund enterprises. 
    14. Research: Money and manpower was diverted towards the construction of stable-state systems in agricultural and sewage practices, and in the scientific and technical deployment of new natural-source biodegradable plastics or durable plastic that “dies” when in contact with soil microorganisms. 
    15. Materials: Callenbach argues to use compostable and reusable materials such as glass and pottery; Only metals that rust are acceptable; Alcohol, produced from grains and such is used as an oil alternative; however, there are few exceptions: rubber tires, silver fillings and some buildings made of concrete;
    16. There’s a prohibition of highly polluting manufacturing and processing operations. Firms affected were to be bought off or helped transition to non-harmful operations; Highway departments were sent to restore dismally polluted waterfronts.
    17. Universal basic income: Callenbach promises a lifetime “guarantee” of minimal levels of food, housing, and medical care. This is slightly different from a monetary earning that citizens can use how they see fit. Either way, as it’s a small stipend, it’s mostly useful for elderly and people with disabilities, but also those who wish to focus on non-commercial arts. UBI redefines our relationship with work as we are no longer coerced to work. This perfectly fits the theme mentioned earlier that work should be an enjoyable experience. On the other hand, there’s no involuntary unemployment in Callenbach’s future.
    18. Fashion: High production costs and draconian tariffs keeping out sweat-shop products means most people wear home-made garments which is considered a virtue. This is a nice way of saying that people can’t afford to wear what we might consider “fancy clothes”.
    19. Food: Many Ecotopians buy only bread, beans, rice, fruit and similar staples from these stores, relying on small independent shops for meat, produce, etc. —or shipments from fellow communes.
    20. Medication: With the exception of Marijuana, no other behaviour altering drugs allowed, including tranquillizers, energizers, sleep-inducers, and other drugs such as cold remedies. This can be understandable in the context of modern-day America’s ease of access to such drugs but it feels to me like flipping from one extreme to the other.
    21. Medical Care: Hospitals have more staff than patients, working longer hours but getting plenty of vacations; Instead of a centralised nursing station, the nurses provide personal care per patient; there is a strong emphasis on preventative care with regular check-ups. All doctors receive psychiatric training; Most births take place at home and the elderly prepare themselves to die at home.

    School

    1. Schools, privately owned by the teachers, look more like a farm and the mixed-aged classes take place either outdoors or in small cabins; 
    2. The School admin is kept to a minimum and mostly managed by the teachers (Callenbach envisioned a school of 6 teachers and 60 pupils in total); 
    3. Schools prepare children for nation-level exams, set by a committee of teachers, politicians and parents,  at the ages of 12 and 18.
    4. Children spend only an hour or so in actual class time and busy themselves on projects for the rest of the time with no other structured class time. They learn survival skills, how to grow, catch and cook food; how to make simple clothes, woodwork and practical math used for their projects; Project outputs (a birdhouse for example) are then sold and the students decide how to make use of the money (sounds exploitative to me). They learn about their local fauna and flora in backpacking expeditions; They spend 2 hours working in the garden to supply their own lunch food which they later make themselves; They learn to work together, be their own bosses and how to organise their lives in a reasonably, orderly and self-propelled way.
    5. Outside of school, children don’t have extracurricular activities, but instead they participate in adults’ life working in shops and gardens. They live with dozens or more people and more sexual experience around them that help them grow faster. Callenbach describes this as a positive experience but I can understand how a modern parent would see this as a traumatising childhood.
    6. Students alternate studies and work annually; Apprenticeships are common.
    7. No studies in political sciences, sociology and psychology. I’m not sure why Callenbach was against it. In my personal experience democracy devolves when it’s not taught.

    Domestic life

    1. Buildings made with rock, adobe, weathered boards. Instead of paint (as most paint is either lead or rubber or plastic which doesn’t decompose), houses are covered with vines or bushes. Wood is the predominant building material. I’m guessing Callenbach never visited Sweden where all the wooden houses are painted red with copper to prevent them from rotting. Expecting people to live in rotting houses is quite unrealistic.
    2. Houses are built for communal living (big families with multiple adults)
    3. Ecotopians gave up on many home comforts such as cars, spring-mattresses, soft toilet paper, prepared and luxury food, habitual new clothes, electric can openers, hair curlers, frying pans, carving knives, microwaves or dishwashers. Synthetic meat, processed food pre-cooking and packaging are frowned upon, and the same with soda drinks. Food is sugarless. Most furniture isn’t store-bought. Cooking pots are cast-iron and books are shared. That is understandable from my point-of-view, but an extremely hard sale for the less enthusiastic. In the modern day eye, this would certainly look like a type of poverty and unfortunately Callenbach doesn’t make much of an effort to explain why and instead assumes the readers would naturally agree with this sacrifice.
    4. Ecotopians have noiseless home appliances such as refrigerators. The laundry machine and dryers were kept outside in a separate hut.
    5. Houses aren’t well-lit – often used by dimmed light or candles (fluorescent is unfavourable); I’m surprised he didn’t describe homes as “cozy den” but I guess that is a personal preference anyhow.
    6.  Many basic necessities are utterly standardized. Bath towels, for instance, can be bought in only one color (white) so people have to dye their own in attractive patterns. As far as personal goods are concerned Ecotopians possess or at least care about mainly things like knives and other tools, clothing, brushes, musical instruments, which they are concerned to have of the highest possible quality. These are handmade and prized by their owners as works of art

    Nature & Environment

    1. Flower-picking is frowned upon as flowers are to be appreciated where they grow.
    2. The food cycle is based on a stable-state basis: all food wastes, sewage and garbage were to be turned into organic fertilizer and applied to the land, where it would again enter into the food production cycle. This was partly through sewage recycling, partly through garbage composting, partly through reliance on some novel nitrogen-fixing crops and crop rotation, and partly through methods of utilizing animal manure.
    3. Garbage is separated at home although he doesn’t specify what non-organic waste they actually have, or how it’s being handled.
    4. No large paved areas. Pavement has a big accessibility advantage (for wheelchairs, strollers and other carts) but yes, they’re not eco-friendly. Of course fewer cars will automatically mean less parking and fewer paved areas.
    5. All waterfront properties become “water parks” (exclusive estates were commandeered); Dams were removed to allow salmon runs; Water streams brought up to surface level
    6. Callenbach mentions efforts towards decentralised non-polluting energy sources, ideally geo-thermal, solar, wind and tides. Dams are complicated issues because of their effect on wildlife. Additionally, Callenbach dreams of photosynthesis-based electricity production.
    7. Hunting is a meaningful tradition, done with bows and arrows (no firearms);
    8. Farm animals are not in close confinement; Animals are kept as wild as possible and there aren’t many pets
    9. Attempts at decoding animal languages of dolphins and whales

    Social life

    1. All people, regardless of job, position or stature, are treated with respect and expected to be treated as such.
    2. Ecotopians are shamelessly expressive about their feelings and don’t shy from arguing; Unsuccessful performers will be treated rudely by the audience, which somewhat contradicts the idea of treating everyone with respect. 
    3. Similarly, they’re very physical towards one another.  Again, personal space and boundaries are probably very different from modern-day society.
    4. People live in communities of shared interests, and there’s a proactive effort to avoid loneliness. Mental health issues are of less concern because of that.
    5. Callenbach’s utopia has gender-equality, although he argues that there are “natural” differences that lead men to violent “war games” and women towards political leadership and management. The basic idea is novel, but I feel that feminism evolved considerably since the 70s.
    6. No distinction between amateur and professional in arts or science; One might understand this as “there’s no entry-barrier to become a professional”, but I think it’s a bit naive – to me, a “professional” is someone who can earn a living from their passion, otherwise they’re just amateurs with an expensive hobby.
    7. Art: It seems that Callenbach held art with little regard or at least did see art as a way to convey a message.. For him art meant “high quality”. His Ecotopians spread their appreciation thin between all artists, as in a culture where everyone considers what they do as “art”, a Picasso or a Van Gogh no longer seem quite so special.
    8. People prefer to entertain one another instead of watching TV for entertainment value. Every extended family has a musical group and most music played has a dance beat.
    9. Sports: Despite everyone trying to keep physical fitness, the sports scene is set up for the benefit of the participants. Callenbach distinguished between “spectator sports” (such as baseball, basketball, football, boxing, wrestling and roller derby) which are abolished in his visions, and “everyday sports” (such as cross-country skiing, hiking, camping, fishing, hunting, swimming, sailing, gymnastics, running and walking). That said, he seemed to be ok with ping-pong, chess, volleyball, for whatever reason. 
    10. War-games: Callenbach suggests organised “war-games” (in which men try to hurt one another) to allow men to let out their aggression in a confined manner. He argues about a physical competitiveness that seemed to be inherent in human biological programming that otherwise might come out uncontrolled. Personally I find the premise to be ludicrous and even if the idea of natural-tendency was true, I don’t understand why he ruled out aggressive sports (such as football or rugby) and instead opted for a game in which people are intentionally injured.
    11. Population decline: There’s an aim to decrease population 15-fold by making abortions easily accessible and providing all women with relevant knowledge  and contraceptives (I’m not sure why but he emphasised there’s no pill for men). As a general principle, there are no “accidental” children.
    12. Having fewer children around (he doesn’t mention “aging population” problems), people tend to live in communes instead of nuclear families and godparents play a much more crucial role in children’s upbringing.
    13. Marriage: Marriage is a less central fact of a person’s life, and therefore it is not so crucial that it be altogether satisfying (as if anything or anybody was ever altogether satisfying.) Though people do split up in ways that are clearly very painful for them, divorce doesn’t project a sense of failure on the self. Monogamy is less of an issue but usually kept with the exception of the four holidays.
    14. Callenbach mentions Eugenics but says it’s frowned upon or ignored. It’s a weird thing to mention as eugenics in the form of selective breeding can be as simple as speed-dating events for a specific population, which may sound very innocent. I would argue that merely mentioning it makes it a part of the culture.
    15. Crime: It seems to me that Callenbach was a bit naive when he talked about the judicial system. He preferred Imprisonment over monetary penalties, arguing it’s more egalitarian. He also supported the idea of forced labour of inmates (instead of rehabilitation efforts). He argued that victimless crimes (gambling and drug-abuse) should be dismissed (ignoring the exploitation and their effect on society) and also claimed that violent crimes are rare because of lack of anonymity (ignoring violent crimes where the perpetrator is known). Pollution and white-collar crimes (such as fraud) are heavily punished.
    16. He advocated for regular monthly town fairs with a stage for performing artists and booths and stalls for craftsmen and farmers to sell their produce, along with food and drink vendors, fortune-tellers, portrait-sketchers, musicians. It’s a very romantic and aesthetic notion although not fully aligned with his self-reliance economy and attitude towards artists.
    17. Racial segregation: Oddly enough Callenbach argued that black communities preferred to handle their affairs separately. I found it a bit disappointing, or even racist that in Callenbach’s  ideal future he couldn’t envision a future where race is no longer an issue.
    18. Callenbach repeatedly mentions the free use of marijuana. At the same time he calls to dismiss “victimless crimes” such as drug-abuse. From his point of view, in that sense, all drugs should be permitted. In reality, substance abuse (be it heroin, marijuana or alcohol) can cause real tears in society’s fabric and while I agree that punishment doesn’t solve the reason why anyone would use drugs, I would be a bit more cautious about encouraging people to any kind of mind-altering substances.

    Politics

    1. Global Politics: Callenbach didn’t believe in the idea of a world-state and preferred decentralisation: “Ecotopians propose only separatism, quietism, a reversion toward the two-bit principalities of medieval Europe, or perhaps even the tribalism of the jungle”. 
    2. All government proceedings are open to the press and public, and are broadcasted live. The viewers can participate via video-calls when they are selected at random. A politician once warned me that open proceedings are more of a “circus show” and the actual deals happen in the background. It’s also important to remember that politicians don’t like to lose face and that might lead them to bad political decisions (for example stubbornness). 
    3. The government is mostly woman-led and policies are derived from female attitude and interests; 
    4. In a case of emergency, public officials must address the public within an hour and answer any questions; 
    5. (political) Meetings work to address grudges and pains, as opposed to addressing planned agenda. There’s an active effort to make the meetings enjoyable, which makes me wonder how they manage to address sensitive topics.
    6. Decisions are made through consensus (as opposed to a majority). I like the idea but I wonder how much it slows down the decision process.
    7. Multiple ownership of news outlets (magazines, newspapers, TV, radio) is forbidden; advertisements are limited to “public service announcements”, served only between the shows and intentionally favouring small independent businesses (I’m not sure what “big business”, franchise or corporations exist in Ecotopia).
    8. Army: Ecotopia’s army is based on decentralised militia-style guerilla units. According to the story they fought off a US army invasion but he didn’t particularly specify their training or finance. It’s not clear how they manage to obtain and distribute enough anti-air missiles, let alone train civilians how to use them in order to stop the invasion.
    9. In Callenbach’s vision there’s no class differentiation – no “rich” nor “intellectuals”.

    Urban life

    1. Callenbach’s streets are incredibly picturesque, with the roads taken over by pedestrian areas filled with trees, fountains, sculptures, kiosks, food-carts, music bands, street performances, and little gardens surrounded by benches. They are also relatively quiet.
    2. Streets are planted with thousands of trees and essentially allowing nature to take over, including the mess and insects it brings with it, although he didn’t mention that part.
    3. Car-free urban areas.
    4. Callenbach advocates for streets cleared of billboards, with only small signs permitted on the fronts of buildings. 
    5. At the same time he argues for fewer gas stations (make sense as there are fewer cars) and fewer telephone booths (I’m not sure why it bothered him but at any rate with the invention of mobile phones this is no longer an issue).
    6. Few street signs, I’m not sure why that was an issue, especially as he argued that all streets are named (as opposed to numbered). I’m guessing road signs bothered him aesthetically.
    7. Potholes are filled with flowers. It’s a nice romantic picture but makes me wonder – if you’re not bothered with the pothole, why not strip the pavement entirely?
    8. The roads have shrunk to two-lanes with electric taxis, automated minibuses and delivery carts. In addition, there are separate bicycle lanes.
    9. Buses: free-of-charge, very frequent battery-driven driverless minibuses going at 10mph. These are physically very low for easy boarding in each stop, which takes 15 seconds. The buses have a bench in the middle and people looking outwards. I can imagine a lot of accidents happening with such an automated system but maybe I’m being cynical.
    10. Skyscrapers converted to multi-functional residential buildings, where most of the dispersed residential areas have been abandoned. He doesn’t specify how these buildings didn’t turn into slums.
    11. Buildings are connected with lacy sky-bridges
    12. No security gates, doormen, guards or other precaution against crime;
    13. No concealable weapons allowed – the streets are safe, day or night
    14. Barely any night-lights, which is great against light-pollution. His argument for it was that the streets are safe anyhow. I would question the increased chances for accidents to happen in utter darkness.
    15. Streets are named and hardly wide enough for two cars
    16. A town is 9,000 people big, living within a radius of a half mile from the transit station. With a lot of small park-like places or planted gardens. Around the edges of town are the schools and various recreation grounds.
    17. Self-contained communities are connected with BART (bay-area-rapid-transport). Public transport is just as efficient as driving when considering parking, traffic and pollution.

    Technology

    1. Callenbach predicted, back in 1975, that video calls and bi-directional television broadcasts would become a norm.
    2. He also envisioned an underground conveyor belt system delivering goods in containers from the city edges inwards. As he mentioned, cities are mostly self-sustaining so I’m not sure how many goods this system is meant to provide and whether this justifies the construction of such a system.
    3. No electric typewriters but lots of handy light video recorders. I’m not sure why he had disdain towards electric typewriters and I’m curious what he would think about modern-day computers but I’m guessing he would argue we should generally spend less time with our electronics.
    4. Photography is discouraged. I would argue it would make sense as it might prevent people from being “present”, however his argument was prejudiced, which I found odd.
    5. Books and newspapers can be easily printed either with fading ink or permanent; Prints contain colophons (credits to the creators) to assert responsibility. I’m guessing this is Callenbach’s reference to copyright laws.
    6. He mentioned an imaginary bird-like suit that regulates heat and is rainproof. Perhaps he meant it to be an ideal article of clothing but it wasn’t very convincing – people are not likely to wear chicken-suits just because it feels good.
    7. Buildings: Lego-like cheap portable, customizable and easy-to-fix buildings made from cotton-derived plastics. He also mentioned, for whatever reason, that these extruded plastic houses are easy to heat, the windows usually kept wide open and people often wear little clothing;

    Indeed, Callenbach provides a plethora of ideas of what he construes as an ideal society. Some of these ideas might seem questionable or sketchy at best and perhaps this, with the added lack of plot, is the reason he opted for self-publishing but I can imagine him saying “Hey, this is my fantasy, I can do whatever I want in it”.

    There are very few minor inconsistencies in the story, mostly regarding the economy. For example, on one hand Ecotopians are very self-sustaining and on the other they have a conveyor belt system of transporting goods. These inconsistencies can come from not knowing which future is preferred, or they can arise from “better is the enemy of good”: trying to solve problems in our current society vs describing the ideal scenario. In that sense, we can improve our taxes, jails or cars or we can argue that in an ideal world there’s no need for these things.

    If I had to pick one idea out of all of these I would pick commune life as a way to deal with loneliness. There were plenty of other good ideas but I think that addressing mental health is a cornerstone for a healthier, more connected society. The ideas I wholeheartedly disagree with are the concept of war-games and the acceptance of racial segregation.

  • Roots and Stones

    The sky was still gray, but the storm had passed. The river’s waterline was slowly receding to its original level, and broken debris had been washed away. The cries of seagulls echoed as they emerged from their shelters. A strong scent of rain, dampness, and mud filled the air, but weak gusts of warm wind from the east felt like gentle fingers caressing the land, offering hope. Leila touched her cheek, savoring the warmth, as she stepped down from the train at the temporary makeshift station near Chaani.

    Mombasa’s main train station remained buried in mud, as was much of the vudo. Yet, less than a week after Hurricane Nyambura had ravaged the streets, a team of MAF engineers—aided by local workers—had erected a temporary station and restored the flow of aid and supplies. Raised platforms and auxiliary tracks were hastily installed and by the next day, two cranes loomed over the site, their skeletal frames ready to unload heavy machinery. Teams of facilitators descended on each arriving train like a swarm of ants feasting on a giant’s carcass. Despite the frenzy, they moved with deliberate care to avoid accidents, working around the clock in three shifts. An unspoken friendly competition simmered among them—each crew racing to be the fastest.

    It took a brief moment for a short, stocky person in a gray overall to rush to greet her. “Leila! So good to see you in person!”, he exclaimed. She smiled, “Desta. It’s nice to meet you as well”, she gave him a greeting hug. “Please, everyone call me ‘Pops’” he grinned at her. Seeing his outfit, she was grateful she made the decision to opt for attire slightly less formal than what her role might have required but considerably more suitable to lend a hand in some manual labour. As the Kampala’s official emissary in Mombasa’s relief effort, she was ready to provide whatever help she could offer- advice, resources or a helping hand. They chatted while walking towards the freight carriages. “How’s your day?” She asked warmly. “Keepin’ busy”, he said while patting  his pockets looking for something. “We’ve got supplies, alright. Everyone on the eastern coast has been incredibly generous and supportive.” he said mind absently. Leila gave Pops smile and tapped her ear. His eyes widened in understanding and he picked the stylus pen that was tucked above his ear. “I guess I’m eager to get back to bi-directional trading and not just receiving”, he sighed. “Of course, no one enjoys being utterly reliant on others”, she said emphatically as he took out a folded piece of paper out of his pocket. “We’re a sinkhole in the network right now”, he mumbled. With a flick of his wrist the folded paper unfurled and stiffened to the size of his palm. “Well, I’m sure Mombasa will become the major hub it used to be soon enough” she said warmly. He tried using the pen and as it didn’t work, he shook it a couple of times to recharge its batteries.

    With the exception of archival-books that are made from recycled polymers, most writings are done on “slates” that in the past were named after the “electronic-ink” technology used. These, just as thin as “static” papers, were used for any type of writing of short notes, drawing and reading. For anything more comprehensive, a terminal with a physical keyboard was often used. The more popular slate models don’t have connectivity. Slates with connectivity are usually reserved for particular roles that demand it. It’s a feature that often gets raised eyebrows, followed by silent judgement and an urge to justify why one would need such a feature. In this particular case, Pops’ slate didn’t have connectivity but merely by having his and Leila’s slate touching, they were able to copy the manifest of the cargo she brought with her.

    “Aha! I see  you brought Matooke! We’ll have a feast tonight!” He was about to mention that one of their chefs makes an amazing matooke loaf when he noticed her attention was diverted to a young MAFex walking eagerly towards her. Leila forced her attention back to Pops and apologised, “I’m sorry, if you’ll excuse me for one moment”, to which he replied “yes, of course!”. He went back to review the manifest as the young MAFex reached them and Leila and him hugged cheerfully. “Hello Pops, I see you met my sister”, The young man said to him. Pops didn’t particularly remember this MAFex, albeit always believing he has a good knack for faces. On the other hand, he was quite known in the community and figured this is how the MAFex, “Kato” according to his name tag, knew him. “Hello Kato, yes, your wonderful sister was very kind to bring us goods from Kampala.” Pops said gleefully. Kato laughed “Yes, that’s very typical of her”. The three of them laughed. “I’m guessing you have a lot to catch up on, I can take care of the cargo, Leila. Thank you for all your support” Pops suggested and Leila thanked him and promised she’ll come looking for him later.

    “You’ve bulked up since I last saw you”, admired Leila, causing Kato to smile bashfully. “Yes, well… I think it’s the first time I see you with the ear jewel”, Kato mentioned, and Leila smiled bashfully “Yes, I barely notice it’s there”. It was a recording device that public figures ceremoniously wore as part of their aspiration for complete transparency. Any dispute with delegates can be always re-examined with the use of the recording. Failure to provide a recording is extremely rare but when it does, it often leads to immediate resignation of the person.

    In truth they were quite caught up already, as they communicated quite regularly. Since Kato left Arua to join MAF five years ago, Leila chose to invest her life in the community by helping administer it. Administration consists mostly of “bureaucrats” who excel in following instructions and procedures but also have a small set of delegates who take proactive responsibility to mitigate the public’s wishes and needs. Leila’s sharp opinionated mind quickly led her to become one of Arua’s delegates. This meant that every person in her tega of several hundred people knew her enough and believed in her capability to take care of their own needs as if they were her own. After two years of faithfully working in the interest of her tega, a vote of trust from her fellow delegates has led her to represent the vudo. Following a successful six-month programme she initiated, led and delivered to introduce 4 new green corridors leading out of Arua, she was invited to join the delegates of Kampala, covering a wider region of influence. It’s been almost four years since she worked for the direct benefits of her hometown, but she would still have almost daily chats with various people of her region of influence, which helped her keep in touch with her constituents. Less than a month later, Hurricane Nyambura hit, and Leila was happy to volunteer as an emissary in the relief efforts. She knew  quite a lot about Mombasa from her brother’s correspondence and despite having no equivalent experience with crisis management of such magnitude, her colleagues trusted in her capabilities. Kato and Leila spent their time together as he showed her around the evacuation camp, the ruins of Mombasa and gave her an overview of the current discussions and challenges up ahead.

    “As you probably know”, explained Kato, “The hurricane took the lives of a dozen ibus, seven of which were MAFexi in daring rescue operations and the rest were civilians who fought to protect their homes to their last breath”. “Yes, that’s a horrible tragedy”, said Leila sincerely, “but praise it wasn’t more as only a few generations ago these numbers would have reached the thousands”. “Yes, that’s unfathomable”, concurred Kato as they returned to the evacuation camp and headed to the main hall, “We were lucky MAF got involved as soon as it did and we evacuated as many as we could”. “And most buildings were properly built or at least fortified”, Leila said as they entered the room. She didn’t mean to dismiss the massive role MAF had in reducing the number of casualties but felt it would give a false picture to think it was a last minute bravery that saved the day. She learned from the history books that usually “last minute heroism” is an indication for a failure in the preparation stage. “If it wasn’t for the fortification, Mombasa would have been wiped clean”, admitted Kato, “but the truth is that the hurricane was ten times stronger than expected and now most of the vudo is covered with mud and about half of the buildings are now decommissioned or unsuitable for use”. “I see“, said Leila as she began to realise the challenge that was thrusted at the folk of Mombasa.

    Most of the people at the evacuation camp worked during the day, helping out in the camp’s upkeep and gradually more and more ventured out to rebuild and fix the broken infrastructures. The vudo delegates would work as well, at their respective fields but they talked to as many people as they could to gather thoughts and opinions and would meet amongst themselves to devise a strategy on going forward. The plans and suggestions would be reassessed and discussed the following day. Everyone knew the sense of urgency was real, but they were extremely cautious not to make regrettable decisions. As Leila walked into the room, the big question that was on everyone’s mind was if and when they should move back to Mombasa.

    The room was dim but people could still see each other from the other side of the room. A warm glowing yellow light illuminated the space. The tables were pushed aside and piled up, the chairs were set in rings and a big 3d model of the vudo and its surroundings was placed in the center. It was a massive three square meter panel of five millimetre “pixels” that could be elevated up to fifty centimetres while multiple light projectors provided additional information on the model. It gave an excellent overview and Leila could easily identify the extent of the damage the vudo has suffered. Speakers took their turn standing up and addressing the entire room. Anyone could join the conversation but as the space was limited, it was a known courtesy to let the delegates sit in the inner rings. Everyone was allowed to participate but in order to keep the discussion productive, the audience in the back seats would pass on their comments and questions up the chain and if relevant to everyone, they were answered publicly.

    “…can’t do it on their own, especially if they still need to worry about day-to-day maintenance”, a woman said as Leila entered the room. Leila saw Pops sitting in the front row nodding at her. She nodded back and quietly sat in the back next to the wall. The woman sat down, concluding her remarks.

    Pops stood up. “Yes, as Wanjiru mentioned, there’s a lot of work ahead of us and I would like to think that no one here expects to simply throw the responsibility on one bolo or another, that’s not gonna work. However, I would like to remind us that the vital services that Mombasa normally provides – namely, our medicine industry and our cultured meat, let alone the sadi, are temporarily on hold.” he explained. Leila noticed concerned glances being exchanged across the room. “We have reserves for the time being and we can set up temporary facilities, but it’s an issue. These are vital services to other communities, communities that came to our aid in our time of need.” Murmurs floated in the room again. Leila spotted a few glances in her direction. “Moving workforce from these industries in favour of housing”, concluded Wanjiru, “means that other communities would be strained as well”.

    Another woman, sitting across the room from Pops stood up and everyone quieted down. “I understand the sense of urgency all too well that isn’t affecting just us but other communities that rely on us”, she started saying. It was a good practice they kept whereas each speaker acknowledged the previous one, to confirm they were understood and heard. The woman, who later Leila learned was called Amani, continued “But we should also take into account the unexpected magnitude of the hurricane. There’s no point for us rushing for a quick solution only to be wiped away in the next hurricane”.

    Wanjiru stood up again, “Yes, another hurricane is a real concern. One hurricane was traumatising enough and understandably many are still recovering and require patience and care. Going through yet another hurricane might be a bit too much for some”.

    A person stood up a few chairs away from pops. He was wearing blue work overall and had grease smeared across his forehead. His hair was smooshed as if he recently took off a hat he wore all day. Later on, Leila learned his name is Eliud Mwamba and he’s an engineer. “Yes, no one wants to go through another hurricane. My heart aches at the thought of my home, with all the memories it held, is no more. I’m not sure I’m ready to face that. That’s why I would suggest that we won’t go back to Mombasa island, rather than build a new vudo on the mainland”.

    A ruckus thundered through the room as everyone was surprised by the suggestion. The sentiments were mixed. The idea of not returning to Mombasa astounded most of people in the room and Eliud had to explain the advantages: “Mombasa was originally built centuries ago and although we slowly upgraded most of the building over time, now a chance to widen the streets and move sadi east as we wanted for years”. The last comment evoked some murmurs as this was an unsettled issue that lingered for years. Despite having a majority of people who agreed that shifting the sadi eastward would be more efficient, it was clear to all that the effort of doing so renders the idea unfeasible. “Additionally”, Eliud continued, “We can build a more durable weather-resistant infrastructure with the latest growstone technology”. This caused some eyebrows to raise as the latest version of growstone was quite new and not yet widely accepted. Mainly it meant it would be more challenging to obtain the yeast.

    Growstone worked like baking bread, but instead of using flour, crushed stones dust was used in a mixture of water, organic material (usually refuse) and special yeast that would turn it into a dough. After a couple days of sun-baking in a mold, the newly formed stone would be taken out of the mold and was ready to use. “Molded” stone was the most popular building material for the past few decades as it was re-usable, cheap to make and extremely eco-friendly. A new version of growstone came out a few years earlier that cracks could easily be fixed by applying  some dough on it and letting it dry as it merged to the existing stone. The latest version, the one that Eliud suggested switching to, had self-healing properties, making maintenance even cheaper and easier. It’s been less than a year and therefore less common and moreover – the new type yeast, nicknamed “”, wasn’t as readily available as the old version yeast.

    It might have sounded sensible but Amani was shaken. She stood up as the commotion quieted down and asked in an alarming voice, hoping she simply misunderstood or misheard “Do you wish to reclaim a piece of land the size of Mombasa island from somewhere else?”. Eliud answered calmly but reassuringly, “Yes, Chaani is my favourite option as nature hasn’t fully reclaimed the old airport area so moving wild flora and fauna shouldn’t be too difficult. Acknowledging nature’s primal right over the land wasn’t new and Eliud has considered it, but he argued his idea was still feasible. “In fact”, he argued, “displacing all the wild animals should take roughly as much as it would take to dig away all the mud from the old vudo”. He glanced at Pops who had his mouth open and then shut it. It was clear he was about the object to the idea arguing about time frames but Eliud has answered that preemptively.

    Pops noticed Eliud’s glance, smiled at him but then asked “What about our sea port?”. Eliud looked agitated. He had considered that but didn’t think it to be a critical concern. “We can build a new port at Chaani”. Pops fixed his robe, as if about to sit down, symbolising he has the winning argument, “Not only will it be more costly to the boat to navigate around the island to reach Chaani, we should also consider that Chaani is much higher than the island. Have you considered how to lift up all the cargo?”

    Eliud was about to answer. A moment of hesitation gave Leila the impression that he didn’t factor that concern. It was sensible, no one is expected to think of everything, and this is why they solved complex problems through communal conversations. He argued that the numbers need to be validated but he believes that the overall efficiency of Chaani will be better than what can be established on the island.

    “Moving to Chaani will remove their people from their homes”, said Wanjiru in a calm voice. “Indeed”, she continued, “some of us might be petrified to go back and see our homes ruined, but this doesn’t mean we’re ready to turn our back on them”. Leila noticed Pops moves with uneasiness in his chair. He had something to say about that. Wanjiru concluded by saying that “Healing takes time, and rebuilding one’s home is detrimental to the healing process”.

    Pops churned his thoughts and chose his words carefully before finally standing up, “I have a suggestion, that is probably even more controversial than Eliud’s new vudo idea”. Eliud chuckled at this. He may not have thought of it first but in hindsight he admitted his idea was indeed challenging to swallow. “I believe we should consider mass-production”. The room was stunned into silence. This was unheard of. Pops explained, “I’m aware of the disadvantages, but I’m also acutely aware it means everyone will have a home in fifth of the time”. “You mean a house”, Wanjiru said. It looked like it took all her might to stop the rage that was boiling inside of her by the mere suggestion.

    Just before the hurricane hit, every person in Mombasa had a home. As the population size was mostly stable, most of the folk inherited their homes from someone dear and the home served as a living memory. But homes were also extremely modular so it was incredibly easy to make adjustments, disassemble and build something new to fit one’s purpose. Tenements were built by the bolo and each kana would fashion their own home to their needs. Home was an incredibly personal concept and the idea of mass-produced identical houses felt almost like sacrilege. 

    Wanjiru was struggling to stomach that idea. “Pops, I understand your need for urgency and I appreciate your intention but this is not a good idea”, she said. She inhaled deeply and exhaled between gritted teeth. “Yes, people lost their homes but we are in an evacuation camp. No one here is forced to sleep without a roof over their head”, she continued. “Moving from a temporary housing to a more permanent solution will only drive the hopes of ever having a home again further away. This doesn’t expedite the solution, it only delays it”.

    “We’re not forcing anyone to do anything”, Pops tried to protest. “People who aren’t ready to go back to Mombasa can stay in the camp for the time being, they can also help re-securing the riverbanks and flood gates. They can move to the vudo when they’re ready or we can figure out an alternative solution when we figure out everything else”.

    “I’m also concerned that mass-production methods are very often not environment-friendly”, added Amani solemnly. She felt bad for being a naysayer in the discussion.

    People were shaking their heads in disagreement. Pops’ suggestion would not pass. Leile could see the concern and frustration in his eye. They all knew it wasn’t a good idea but those were scarce at the moment. Eliud stood up, “Perhaps it would be a good time to take a little break and gather our thoughts. I understand the objections against building in a new site or using mass-production but I worry that the timescale required to rebuild our vudo one home after the other is simply not feasible”. It was a harsh truth, but they knew it to be true.

    “May I interject”, Leila spoke from the back of the room. She presented herself as the emissary from Kampla and from the encouraging smile on Pops’ face, she felt more confident to slowly walk towards the center of the room, gently touching people’s shoulders to show her empathy, looking into their eyes understandingly and smiling back at them. “It is indeed a hardship you’re dealing with but you don’t have to do it alone. Just like Mombasa supported Arusha at their big fires a decade ago and just like you support the entire African eastern coast with the medicine you provide, Kampala can come to your aid. We will send you teams to help clear the debris and fix the infrastructure so you can focus on building your homes and industries. We can also send you growstone-yeast to accelerate your brick product”. A few other emissaries from neighboring Vudos also volunteered their support. 

    Everyone cheered, clapped their hands and hugged one another. Wanjiru came to shake Leila’s hands in gratitude. Leila could see the tears of joy in her eyes and felt moved herself. She still had the tasks to ask her Vudo to approve the  offering she made on her own initiative, but she felt self-assured they would understand the severity of the situation and would be more than willing to give their support. Not only helping others may return in kind later down the line, but it’s also the right thing to do. Everyone knows that.

    Pops quickly did the math in head and after a moment of hesitation announced disheartedly that even with the additional support, they won’t be able to completely evacuate the emergency camp before its buildings start  to decompose. “I’m afraid”, he said, “that if there’s an ultimate solution, we haven’t figured it out yet. This means that we need to find a compromise”.

    Amani took a deep breath and stood up. “Building a new vudo or mass-producing the houses are actually good ideas”, she said to everyone’s surprise, “they’re just not good for us”. Pops and Eliud looked intently at her, trying to figure out where she was heading with this, “at least not for the long-term solution”. In an instance, the faces of both men shined and they smiled at each other and at Amani. “We can use mass-production to temporarily build a new industrial zone in Chaani…”, Eliud suggested. “…A high-rise, to reduce the ecological footprint”, continued Pops, visibly getting excited. “All while the outside support focuses on clearing debris, restoring the riverbanks, floodgates and other infrastructure”, interjected Leila, getting hyped at the build-up of energy in the room. “And the people of Mombasa can focus on rebuilding their homes”.

    The conversation wasn’t easy. There was no miracle waiting to happen or a happy path for everyone to agree upon, except a few steps forwards that required some sacrifices. Over the next few days they agreed that the first step was to revitalise the parts that were not damaged in the hurricane, clear debris and restore infrastructure. With heavy hearts it was agreed that the cultured-meat farm will be deprioritised for the time being and more food will be imported while their efforts will be placed towards restoring, rebuilding and constructing new homes.

    On the train back to Kampala, Leila wrote her report. She reflected on the conversations she witnessed in the past few days. She knew she was unfairly judgemental but in her mind the process was too slow. There were too many aspects to consider, she admitted to herself. Too many interests and conflicting views but at least those never stop the perpetual motion of what had to be done. The infrastructure restoration had to be done and clearing of the debris – these were relevant regardless of the final outcome so whilst the discussion continued these tasks were prioritised and she was happy to hear that significant advancements were made in the mere few days she was there. She shared the frustration of those who might argue that a single olori could’ve reached a decision much faster, but she knew it would’ve been most likely an ill-conceived and ill-informed decision. “Too many cooks spoil the broth” and “designed by committee” myths are simple mismanagement follies that are much easier to resolve than having the wrong person make the decisions. Everyone knew that.

    As the train moved further away from the hurricane-stricken area, the landscape brightened in lush green colors and broken stumps made way for tall sturdy trees. From scarred earth and puddles of rainwater having nowhere to go in the drenched soil, to dry mud filled with debris, unrooted trees and broken stones and rocks. Single trees  stood erect, having survived nature’s blow and around them small bushes taking shelter under the  beaten canopies.  More and more trees came together and the small patches grew and connected to one another, strengthening each other, becoming more and more. Animals, first small and then bigger, coming out of their hideaways, licking each other’s wounds, elated to see one another, grateful their story hasn’t ended. Meadows turned to woods and to forest, which grew thicker only to be parted by dirt trails and then paved roads and buildings and a train station, telling Leila she got back home.

  • Rainy Days

    Great events tend to break our lives into “before” and “after.” If they last long enough, they can disrupt our sense of time entirely. For many people, Hurricane Nyambura was such an event, as it was the most powerful storm the West African coast had experienced in their lifetimes. Angavu, in the third chapter of her life, had certainly never experienced anything like it. The hurricane itself lasted only a few hours, but the storm and its relentless rain had soaked the land for more than forty days, and the recovery effort took several months.

    Angavu could hear rain showers pelting her window as she curled up in her warm, cozy blanket. Her hazy dreams faded as her small, dimly lit room took shape. She knew she needed to wake up for work. She kicked off the blanket, and the chilled air quickly brought her to her senses as she sat up in bed. “Work,” she thought sarcastically. She got up, all right, but her days were spent doing something far removed from “work.” She certainly wasn’t paid—payments, along with money, had been abolished long before her time. It might not have been as important, challenging, or glamorous as her previous role—a lifetime ago—but it was appreciated nonetheless. She wasn’t forced or coerced; she genuinely loved her work. It was a solid reason to get out of bed in the mornings. Even on a rainy morning like this.

    When the first forecasts warned of the impending storm, the dining tables at the heart of Mombasa’s sadi buzzed with patrons sharing ideas and making plans. The wind howled above the buildings, and the rain tapped persistently against the thick canopy overhead. The drains gushed with water, adding a resounding backdrop to their concerns. Angavu avoided talking about her old job. In her mind, that chapter was finished. But she used to be a marine biologist, and she had helped build artificial reefs along the coastline—reefs that now served as extra defenses against stormy seas while fostering recovering biodiversity. But that felt like a lifetime ago.

    All of the newer buildings in Mombasa were built with endurance in mind, and most of the older ones had been fortified decades earlier. The people at the tables took it upon themselves to fortify the remaining structures or evacuate them. Some volunteered to shelter the evacuees until the storm passed. Angavu interjected, offered suggestions, and took part in the discussions, all while moving back and forth from the kitchen, bringing out more coffee, tea, and biscuits. The conversation flowed organically, and those unaccustomed to it might have found it overwhelming—a multi-threaded cacophony of voices merging into collective decision-making, then fracturing into new topics, shifting seats, and starting again. Angavu surfed the waves of conversation, offering a tip here, asking a question there—guiding the flow of discussion while handing a young boy a bowl of porridge and patting his head. She named the buildings whose windows needed to be boarded up before they shattered. She knew them all. She knew the city. In so many ways, she was the city.

    Another day, more rain. She realized the gloomy weather affected her mental health, and despite enjoying the intimate privacy of her room, she considered sharing a bed with someone that night. Maybe her sister, who would probably jump at the opportunity but occasionally snored, or maybe one of the children scared of the storm, who would appreciate the company. Walking from one canopy to the next through the nearly empty, rain-soaked streets, her broad hat shielding her from the downpour, she hopped over streams of water flowing from the rooftops and hurried to the main plaza. There were no leisurely chats or squabbles today. Most people had taken it upon themselves to help prepare the city. The coastal mangroves would help slow the rivers, but men still had to reinforce them with sandbags to keep them in place. They only stopped by to grab the lunch packs she had helped prepare and check for news before heading off to wherever they were needed. It had been a while since Angavu had felt this sense of solidarity. She had never felt alone, but this was different—she was part of something bigger, a man-made behemoth rising to face the monstrous storm looming on the horizon. And for a moment, she felt invincible.

    Mombasa had always been a transport hub due to its proximity to the sea. The ceaseless rain had affected the flow of exchanged goods, and with the looming threats, the community collectively decided after ten days of rain to temporarily relocate the sadi to the open area near Chaani, where the old airport used to be. Children and other ibus who couldn’t directly contribute to the preparations were sent to higher ground. There were no “non-essentials”—everyone helped or cared for someone else. Angavu debated whether to go or stay. Help was needed in both places. She promised herself she would stay only a couple more days as she helped mobilize the kitchen, securing what couldn’t be moved and preparing meals for the various teams.

    She remembered it clearly—how she had just sat down to rest her feet when the sirens began. It was the twenty-third day of rain. Some might have argued that a woman her age shouldn’t have stayed in the city, especially since they had known for at least two days that a hurricane was inevitable. But no one who knew her would have dared question her ability to handle the situation—or any situation, for that matter. They regularly practiced various disaster scenarios, along with smaller-scale drills even more frequently. These exercises weren’t mandatory, but they were fun, positive experiences—something people enjoyed as much as sporting events in the past. Some participated for the sake of tradition, some to set a good example for children, and others simply for the big meal that usually followed. Angavu had just been joking with her friend about the meal they would have after the storm subsided when the sirens blared and the PSA announced: “Hurricane imminent.”

    She had barely managed to stand when two young colleagues appeared at her side, gently rushing her toward the kitchen building. She could tell they were trying to remain calm and respectful, but stress was gnawing at their nerves. The canopy above whooshed and roared as the wind blasted it sideways, sending broken branches crashing down around them. She called out to one of them—“Kiko, potatoes!”. She watched, as if in slow motion, as puzzlement flashed across his face, followed by epiphany and laughter when he understood her. Without hesitation, he hoisted her onto his shoulder like a sack of potatoes and sprinted the remaining twenty meters to the building. She worried his roughness might hurt her, but he was as gentle as he could be under the circumstances, while the girl held her hand firmly as they rushed inside. They were only a few meters from safety when a massive gust tore the canopy away, uprooting three trees as if they were mere toothpicks. The girl shrieked, and this time, Angavu gripped her hand tightly—whether for emotional support or out of a subconscious fear that the wind might carry her away, she wasn’t sure.

    The hurricane struck Mombasa just before midday, raging for several hours. The first MAF teams had arrived a week earlier to manage evacuation logistics, but as the hurricane threat grew imminent, additional teams were deployed throughout the city. Tethered by strong ropes, they combed the city for anyone in danger. Amphibious vehicles were deployed to ferry the last remaining residents to safety.

    Even though the building was secure, they huddled in the basement shelter. Short-range radios, installed in every shelter, emitted a constant crackling hum of updates, instructions, and reassurances. Emergency power cast a dim glow, while the roar of the storm outside and the trickling of water in one corner gave Angavu an “end of days” feeling. She felt no fear—she was with her colleagues, her second family. They sang and made jokes to pass the time. A few young men, too anxious to join in the singing and laughter, sat quietly on the other side of the room. Angavu prepared cups of hot cacao and sat with them, listening as they voiced their worries and concerns. She knew that people handled crisis in different ways. And she knew that, for her, the best way was to be helpful.

    The city lay in ruins. Angavu knew it. She heard the radio reports and the thunderous collapse of buildings that stood no chance against the 200-kilometer-per-hour winds. She sat down, taking a deep breath. The city could be rebuilt, she told herself, but it would never be the same. A small part of her withered as she absorbed the reality. The city she had stayed behind for—the one she chose over leaving with Kimani—was gone. It was a decision she had made over three decades ago. A choice she never questioned—not when Kimani asked her to come with him, not when he begged, and not even when he passed away two decades later. She loved the city and its people and could never imagine calling any other place home.

    Heavy rain still poured as the MAF rescue boat navigated the flooded streets, picking them up and taking them to the evacuation camp at Chaani. Her young colleague hugged her as they gazed out the boat’s window at the devastation, tears streaming down their cheeks. They tried to comfort each other, but Angavu had already accepted this fate. At that moment, all she wanted was to return to her room, to her bed. She needed it, but all she could do was bite her lip and stay strong for Kiko, who held her tightly. They were safe, but their story was far from over.

    The evacuation camp was an unusual sight; in all her life, Angavu had never seen anything like it. A massive complex of deployable, cheerfully colored inflatable buildings was erected within an hour. Generators inflated the buildings, and their memory-polymer frameworks clicked into shape. Once the storm passed, they could be easily dismantled by flushing the biodegradable joints with UV light. Watchtowers were set up to spot anyone approaching the camp and provide support as quickly as possible. There was no need for barriers in a place where everyone was welcome; instead, two sets of interchangeable walls shielded the camp from the wind. A dim, warm light filled every corner of the camp, creating a sense of safety that soothed the shaken refugees who had just lost their homes. It was no surprise that most people disliked feeling helpless, and many quickly sought ways to contribute to the camp’s daily operations. MAF provided guidance but aimed to give as much agency to the community as possible. People applied their everyday skills where possible—some volunteered for the watchtowers, while others joined the countless “day-after” discussions, which, whether intentional or not, often served as therapy sessions for those now facing a new reality.

    Shortly after arriving at the camp, Angavu was given a medical check-up and a fresh set of clothes. She registered her attendance and was informed that her sister and the rest of her family were all accounted for. She was asked whether she preferred a private room or sleeping in the main hall. Most children preferred not to sleep alone, as did a surprising number of adults who were grateful for the emotional support. Angavu thought of her own room, likely flooded with water, and pushed the thought to the back of her mind. She will sleep in the main hall tonight.

    On the first day, she stayed with the children—innocent and carefree. They sang, played games, and completely ignored the storm as it slowly faded outside. In the evening, the kids put on a show they had prepared the week before, and tears of joy filled her eyes as she laughed at their jokes.  Later on, a band played, as they did every night, and some people danced while others sang. She went to bed with a smile on her face, grateful that the worries had been pushed back, even if only for a little while.

    The next day was the perfect time to get back to work. She went to the kitchens and announced her return, met with applause and warm greetings from everyone present. They were genuinely happy to have her back, though the same warmth was extended to anyone who joined the kitchens. It felt good to be appreciated and needed—something she had been longing for. She set to work, orchestrating meal packs for those on duty and serving food to those in the dining hall. At times, it felt like juggling ten balls at once, but she was grateful her memory hadn’t failed her yet. To an outsider, it might have seemed like chaos, but she had everything under control.

    The wind had died down, and only a light rain tapped on the roofs of the buildings. Gradually, the electric hum of the power generators overtook the ambient sounds. Though annoying to those who noticed it, it wasn’t as ominous as the storm. Instead, it served as a reassuring reminder that this would soon be over. Just before the dinner rush, Angavu went to the supply building to fetch a bag of maize. There was nothing out of the ordinary about it—she did this almost every day, sometimes twice. But this time, she heard a strange sound that piqued her curiosity. “Anyone here?” she called. Most people respected shared resources. Though the food storage was open to anyone in need—whether from hunger or the emotional comfort of having an emergency snack—few besides the kitchen staff ever ventured inside. As she rounded a corner toward the noise, she suddenly found herself face-to-face with a leopard that did not look pleased to see her. The leopard was soaked and painfully thin, its claws struggling to pry open a tin can of preserved meat. There was no doubt it was starving, but right now, its focus had shifted—it prowled menacingly toward Angavu. She froze. Memories of a great white shark circled her mind, and instinctively, she closed her eyes.

    In another lifetime, she had been in the sea with Kimani when they spotted a four-meter-long great white shark swimming nearby. Kimani, ever cautious, preferred to keep his distance, but Angavu insisted they swim closer to examine the magnificent beast. It would be a stretch to call the shark friendly, but it wasn’t aggressive either. They approached carefully, and when they reached out to touch it, the shark responded with a flick of its tail, seemingly enjoying the sensation as they rubbed its nose. That’s when Kimani noticed a hook lodged at the edge of the shark’s mouth. Fishing hooks had been abolished decades earlier, meaning this shark was old—perhaps older than they had first thought. Removing the hook was no easy task. As they worked to free it, the shark thrashed slightly, and for a moment, Angavu feared they had hurt or angered it. But once the hook came loose, its agitation turned to something else—almost as if it were expressing joy. For the rest of that season, whenever they went diving, the shark would return to greet them, a silent companion beneath the waves.

    In the present, Angavu felt something warm and sturdy pressed against her leg. She opened her eyes to find a dog beside her, its muscles taut as it let out a low, threatening growl. Across from them, the leopard hesitated. For a moment, Angavu thought she saw something beyond hunger in the leopard’s gaze—frustration, perhaps, or uncertainty. It was starving, yet wary of the dog, caught in a silent standoff. She wanted to say something but feared breaking the delicate balance holding the two animals in place. Her eyes flickered down to the dog’s vest, where the letters MAF stood out clearly. Below them, its name: Alhaadi. The leopard’s gaze darted—first to her, then to the dog, then to the unopened tin of meat, and finally to the exit. Its desperation was almost tangible. Then, from seemingly nowhere, came a short, imperceptible whistle. At once, Alhaadi shifted, lowering into a non-threatening pose. A strip of artificial meat landed a foot away from the leopard. It flinched, startled, but its instincts quickly took over. In a heartbeat, its teeth tore into the food, devouring it. Angavu turned her head just as another piece was tossed past her shoulder. A young MAFex—one of the specialized animal handlers—had appeared behind her. He threw another strip, watching as the leopard hungrily gnawed on it. By the third piece, the leopard was no longer just eating—it was melting into the moment. Alhaadi, sensing the change, took cautious steps forward before extending its tongue and licking the leopard’s damp fur. The leopard let out a deep purring sound, its body visibly relaxing. “My name is Kato. Are you okay?” the MAFex asked gently. Angavu blinked, suddenly aware of the white-knuckled grip she had on the bag of maize. She forced her fingers to loosen. “Yes… I’m okay,” she said slowly. “Just a little startled. I guess we’re all a bit hungry.” Kato gave a small, reassuring nod. “The meat has sedatives in it, but let me try to approach first.” His voice was steady, confident—enough that she believed him. The leopard, now sprawled lazily on the floor under Alhaadi’s attentive grooming, purred again. The moment of danger had passed.

    “It’s a female,” Kato explained, crouching beside the leopard. “But she doesn’t have milk, so there are no starving kittens waiting for her to return.” Angavu exhaled a breath she hadn’t realized she was holding. “What will happen to her now?” she asked. A twinge of guilt nagged at her—perhaps she should’ve just let the poor creature have the tin can. “We’ll check her medical condition, register her, and when she’s strong enough, we’ll release her back,” Kato reassured her. That gave Angavu some comfort. She watched as the leopard, now drowsy, let out a deep sigh.  “Alhaadi says he knows her,” Kato added, nodding toward the dog. “She’s from Kaya Forest—not far from here.” Angavu turned to the dog, who met her gaze with calm, knowing eyes. Of course, she hadn’t heard Alhaadi say anything, but she understood. The connection between Kato and the dog was undeniable. They had likely spent years together, enough time for silent understanding to replace words. It wasn’t unheard of—this ability to communicate with animals. A relatively recent but profound achievement of humankind. Even after all these years, it still felt like a kind of quiet miracle.

    It remained a mystery how the leopard had slipped into the camp unnoticed—bypassing the watchtowers, evading motion sensors, and ignoring the scent-based repellents meant to deter wildlife. Fortunately, no one had been harmed. Still, the incident prompted immediate improvements to the camp’s perimeter sensor systems. More importantly, a monitored feeding station was set up just outside the camp, ensuring that any other starving animal desperate enough to wander close would find food—without the risk of a close encounter.

    A few weeks later, it was time to return home. The storm had passed. It was time to rebuild. MAF had already completed the preliminary sweep, but the streets were still littered with mud and debris. Once again, it was the community’s responsibility to rebuild its home. Within a few days, the main operations were back in motion. Angavu finally returned to her house. As expected, the floor was covered in dried mud. The window was broken, and one of the pictures had fallen off the wall. The smell of dampness lingered, unshakable. But she didn’t care. She made her way to her bed and reached underneath it, pulling out a small metal box. Inside was a shark’s tooth with a tiny heart carved into it—Kimani’s farewell gift to her when he had decided to follow his passion, migrating with his shark-friend at the end of the season. She had stayed behind, unable to leave the life she had in Mombasa. A few years after he left, Angavu had stepped away from marine biology to focus on serving the people and the city she loved. She had never regretted her decision, but that didn’t mean she didn’t miss him every time he went away.

    An invitation to my world and guidelines

    We need more inspiring stories, where normal people deal with real problems but in a reasonable, sensible and compassionate way. There are very few books that I know of that describe utopian egalitarian societies. One example for such society is described in “News from Nowhere” by William Morris, published 1890. It’s an extreme pro-marxist book written at the time of the industrial revolution so clearly it has changed significantly since, but it was fascinating nonetheless. Another example is the 1976 novel “Woman at the edge of time” by Marge Piercy. It’s a feminist book in which the future is split between a dystopian society and an utopian one. Despite finding some of the ideas more difficult to embrace than others, it was refreshing and inspiring.

    I therefore invite you, dear readers and listeners, to tell your own story and imagine how things would’ve been different if we lived in a perfect society. I would have loved to say “perfect world” but that would be too fantastic and childish. In a perfect world we wouldn’t need to face the sadness of death. But both death and that sadness are a natural part of life and they help grow and evolve and become better. Accidents are tragic but it’s incredibly naive to imagine a world where accidents don’t happen or people don’t make mistakes. Mistakes happen and the sooner we acknowledge them, the quicker we’ll be able to learn from them and take measures to protect ourselves from other mistakes. A “perfect society”, however, is something I personally believe to be achievable – a society where everyone cares for one another, where no man is worse off than their fellow men. Some people will still be naturally more talented than others and some will be more hot-tempered, but envy will not lead to resentment and anger will be channeled constructively.

    Personally I don’t drink alcohol as I can easily see how it can badly affect people but in my utopian world other people will still drink, only they’ll do it sensibly and moderately. They will still drink to enjoy and have a nice time, but the community won’t let them drink to cope with traumas or to tolerate life-hardships. This brings me to the first house-rule of my utopian world – People can do whatever they want as long as they are mindful not to hurt anyone else in the process. Homosexuality exists, whatever other people fancy is none of anyone’s business but their own. Religion exists, at least in theory. However it shouldn’t prevent people from sensible critical thinking. In practice, I believe that having solid community values will take most of the need for religion.

    I would be more than honored if you’d choose to expand the world that I write about in my stories. My stories take place roughly 100 years in the future. I intentionally don’t provide a specific date to give a little bit of hope that maybe one day we will get there, as opposed to setting a deadline. The world population is about tenth of today’s current population. I intentionally don’t explain how this came to be as I’m aware that it’s a necessary painful and worrying step we will need to go through somehow and at the time of writing, I’m not sure we’re ready to discuss this. “Climate Change” will still affect our lives but I would like to think that a major portion of the population will focus their attention to tackle it (by helping restore nature) and worry less about paying next month’s rent.

    My society doesn’t have money, not as fiat money that requires trust in institutions that are susceptible for corruption, nor as trade-economy. It was replaced with fairness and mutual respect has replaced greed. I have addressed this in my story, but I welcome further exploration of how such society, with its limited resources can function. Personally I’m a strong believer in universal income and the human basic right for food and shelter. I also support heavy progressive taxation and as I believe that money can unbalance and destroy egalitarian societies, I think taxation should cap the richests’ wealth in proportion to the poorest in society. However all this is irrelevant as in my utopian world there is no money.

    In my utopian world, natural resources and particularly land cannot have ownership. It doesn’t make sense to me that an arbitrary right over a natural resource grants someone wealth without any work or contribution to society.

    One day mankind will learn to treat animals by their intelligent level and with respect. I’m hoping we will learn to communicate with most of them in one way or another and find a humane way to integrate them into our lives white allowing them to maintain their animalistic nature.

  • The Brass Bell

    Being part of the MAF was a big part of Njeri’s identity ever since she could remember. Her tega, where she spent her entire life, was literally the MAF recruitment and training base. The tega of Shanzu, on the shoreline of Mombasa, was made of six Bolos. Five of these were MAF, which set the lifestyle for everyone who chose to be a part of the tega. Both her parents were MAF, or at least used to be. Baba-Okello was still in active duty while Baba-Sokoro retired. Whether it was to raise her, or due to his manageable but permanent injury, or he just grew tired of it, it was never clear to her but she assumed it was probably some combination of circumstances. He was still very engaged in the community’s social life but was no longer in active duty. They were still together, but Baba-Sokoro moved to the nursing kana to raise Njeri and he loved it so much he stayed there even after she grew old and moved out. 

    Human civilization has changed drastically after the last failure of the 21st century’s capitalism. People no longer agreed to participate in an endless, meaningless, “Rat race” (as they called it) and instead focused on restoring nature and bettering their lives socially and mentally. Of course, people who aspired for efficiency and fast-pace would still do that, but the senseless drive for “more materialistic goods,” and particularly “more money,” or even “more extreme experiences” was subdued. The “Mobile Aid Force”, in its various decentralized variations, was a paramilitary organisation formed by former military personnel putting their skills and talents to good use after humanity collectively decided it can no longer afford the expenses of the Industrial-Military Complex. Through long and tedious mutual agreements and shows of good faith, the weapons were disarmed and the tanks were decommissioned. There was no longer an enemy that deserved to be shot, let alone bombarded. Instead, MAF focused on providing support during and after natural disasters and other emergencies where militaristic-like efficiency can be crucial.

    Njeri grew up in the “civilian” bolo of the tega, in the “young cadets” kana, as the rest of the tega was occupied by active-duty bolos or training units. Her childhood was normal and for the most part just like any other child anywhere else. Of course, living in a MAF base, she got to see them exercising and drilling and she even volunteered a couple of times as a “staged injured”. But She never felt any expectation, or coercion to join MAF when she became independent, and not many of her age-group did. Yet, she knew this is what she wanted to do. This was who she was. Those thoughts crossed her mind as she marched up the hill with heavy steps, The entire tega, MAF and “civilians”, saluting in her honour.

    Anyone can join the MAF when they’re old enough. This is of course a very vague definition, but it is the same as “when a person reaches adulthood”. Adulthood doesn’t necessarily correlate to a biological age, but rather with the mental capacity to take responsibility over one’s actions and mistakes. In a society that encourages independence from an early age, most people become responsible adults around the age of 15 or even 14. Teenagehood, as the transitional step in which young adults who are still treated as children rebelled for independence has lost its meaning as instead of restricting and fighting against them, society gradually gives children more and more agency and preparation for their adult life. It is a known fact that children that grew up near MAF are likely to join at a relatively older age, but this is because the adults are struggling to stop seeing them as their “innocent babies” (as Baba-Okello jokes). Njeri officially joined MAF at the age of 15, after passing the aptitude tests to prove she was ready.

    Being a MAFex wasn’t easy. In the first year of training and the first field mission, the drop-rate is estimated at 20%. The majority of which usually drops in the first couple of months when realizing that the overly regimented lifestyle can be quite intense. After that, everyone, and especially one’s kana, will do anything in their power to help whoever is struggling in any way they can. Not far from the entrance to Shanzu, a bare hill stands with a head-sized brass bell with an inscription: “The Journey Continues.” The inscription reminds the person who is about to ring that the journey doesn’t end with giving up, it just takes a different shape. MAF isn’t for everyone. Most people won’t even get admitted, but the bell is reserved for those who decide to leave. Bells normally are less for the person ringing them than for the audience accepting the message the ring conveys. For this bell, it’s the community accepting the loss of one its members, which is never easy. But this particular bell carries a message for the ringer as well. It’s a message of respect. It is a reminder that choosing to step away is not failure, but an act of courage and self-awareness, honoring both the themselves and the community they leave behind.

    Due to MAF’s small-sized nature, new recruits often don’t form their own cohort but instead assimilate directly into existing units. They train with them and learn from their joint knowledge and experience, but have their own study sessions to catch up with the vast knowledge required from a MAFex. When the time was right, Njeri needed to choose a bolo to join. Between Transport, Paramedics, Pathfinders, and Logistics – she chose pathfinding as she enjoyed the outdoors the most. Well, that and the fact that her mathematical aptitude and interpersonal skills weren’t ideal for other specialties. Despite learning the basics in every field, her first year of training focused primarily on navigating through impassable terrains.

    Njeri was already a MAFex for a year, although hadn’t gotten her field-mission badge yet, when Kato joined as a young recruit to the Pathfinders’ bolo. After he was signed in, a game was played “in his honor” to help him decide which kana he should join. Blindfolded, they all were dropped at random points in Bamburi Forest, south of Shanzu, separately from one another and were tasked to scour the forest and accomplish various tasks. However, as tradition goes, since all MAFex have accomplished these tasks countless times before, they must consume performance-dampening substances to hamper their capabilities. And of course, the more experience one has, the more they need to consume. Playing 3 times before, as soon as Njeri removed her blindfold she threw up. Her head pounded. But it was part of the exercise as she knew she needed to be able to function no matter how disoriented she might feel. She looked around and saw a small creek. She drank a little bit of the water and decided to follow it upstream to gain a vantage point.

    She then noticed Kato standing beneath a tall yellow flowered kassod tree. He was examining its 2 meter high canopy. She introduced herself earlier at the briefings but she doubted he would remember her from all the new faces he just met. However, as soon as she came close, he turned around and smiled at her. “Hey, Njeri, right? How’s your day going?” She felt he was a bit too cheerful for her headache, but being patient despite one’s personal issues is a merit ironed into any MAFex from day one. “Oh, it’s a lovely day,” she said, and from his chuckle she knew he saw through her sarcasm. “What do you have there?” she asked. She tried to look at the canopy herself but the headache and the sunlight made her eyes squint shut. “There’s a box hanging there, but I’m not sure how we can reach it. Can you see it?” he said, pointing upward. She looked up and this time saw the small wooden yellow-painted box glistening. It camouflaged perfectly in the tree’s flowers. “Yeah, I see it now. Got a long stick to tip it down?” she asked. In fairness, this is the first time she saw this puzzle. But it wasn’t surprising as there were hundreds of different puzzles throughout the game and the best record ever was to solve 7 puzzles in a single game. In her own trial run, she got 5. She was quite proud of herself. Kato looked around but couldn’t find anything. “I was looking at the vines holding the box in the air. Do you see them?” he asked her. She looked again and it dawned on her. Those vines, as naturally as they may have looked, did not belong here. They didn’t grow on any other tree around except the two trees on each side of the box. She was impressed with Kato’s observance. “I see them now. I get it. Have you ever played ‘pulled-knot-game’?” He admitted that he didn’t. She wasn’t surprised. It was a game the young cadets played a lot to train tying and untying knots. She quickly explained to him the basic principles of the game. “We have two strings that are connected in a standard ‘Carrick Bend’ knot. It’s not simple but it is possible to swing-pull the strings to loosen the knot,” she explained. They tried several times but he seemed to catch the hang of it quickly and on the fifth attempt the knot loosened and the box dropped to a height they could catch. The box contained a code that they both needed to memorize in proof they accomplished the task. They continued the game separately as the rules dictated.

    Kato managed to solve 4 puzzles with various people, which is considered a good score for someone his age, coming from the “outside”. Njeri managed to keep her score of 5, which concerned her slightly. She knew that any future attempts, where she would be drugged even further, would prove more and more difficult to get a better score. It is no surprise that the more experienced MAF members often struggle to solve more than 2 puzzles and unfortunately often don’t remember much from each game for any future attempts. After a rather lengthy debrief, they all returned home. A big meal was prepared, followed by a conversation in which it was mutually agreed to which kana Kato would join. Njeri was pleased he should join her kana, even if it was somewhat selfish, as she had enough of being pampered as the youngest in the unit.

    That next day, Njeri woke up early for a navigation exercise. Naomi was her active olori and she was in charge of giving the instructions. As there was no official or permanent hierarchy in MAF, they rotated the olori role periodically, although it was very fluid and they helped each other fulfill the role, knowing they would also be helped when in that position. Similarly, this pseudo-anarchistic hierarchy expanded upwards – one ibu was in charge of being the olori of each bolo and one for the entire tega. They had a voting mechanism built on merit and experience but flexible enough to prevent forcing anyone to follow leaders they didn’t trust.

    Naomi instructed them to pair up and paired herself up with Kato so she could focus on tutoring him. The instructions were given in sign language, and as some of the words were new to Kato, the rest of the kana helped him out. Sign language is extremely useful for many reasons, especially for MAF in emergency situations. Pairing Kato with Naomi meant that he had no choice but to catch up. They estimated that in three days he would be using signs fluently. Njeri paired with Alhaadi, who was overly excited with the exercise. Despite being an ibu of few words, his positivity was contagious. Each pair received ten random checkpoints to be found by one team member. That ibu then needed to leave a trackable item. Once all items were placed, the second partner needed to track the items in a different order and without the use of a map.

    Ironically enough, the exercise was at Bamburi forest again. When they arrived at the entrance of the thick forest, she stopped to wonder if she’d pass the area she visited yesterday. But the forest was too big and her memory was too groggy. “Do you remember anything from yesterday?” she asked Alhaadi, but he, being a silent type, just walked a few steps forward and looked back at her, smiling. “I guess it doesn’t matter,” she sighed. The exercise took her most of the morning. At her level of training, the checkpoints she picked were verbal descriptions that someone in distress might provide, such as “a boulder resting on a tree” or “abandoned building next to a fork in a gravel road”. No map was provided but she was expected to know the forest well enough to recognize the places by their partial descriptions. Alhaadi’s task was meant to be more challenging as he was tasked to identify the items by the bird sounds they were playing, and he still managed to do it in half the time it took her to place the items. As he sprinted from one checkpoint to the other, she barely managed to catch her breath. Whenever she stopped, he would turn back and come sit with her patiently until she was ready to continue. He didn’t say anything but she could see his muscles twitching as he was eager to keep going, while looking at her with calm eyes and a comforting smile. She cursed under her breath and he just howled back at her and sprinted off. She couldn’t help but smile and run after him. While they were heading towards his seventh checkpoint, they heard a crackling noise and a red flare shot up in the morning skies. “Something’s up, Alhaadi,” she told him, “we need to head back”.

    The exercise was cut short. As Njeri and Alhaadi got back to the base, two trucks filled with MAFex left the base and headed north. A carrier drone deployed in the landing area at Serena and more MAFex from neighboring bases unpacked their gear. “I guess we have guests,” said Njeri to Alhaadi as they both rushed to the main hall. Noticing their insignia, she could identify the visiting MAFex were from Madagascar. She estimated that if they received the alert the same time she did, then it took them about an hour to fly, assuming of course they weren’t just happening to be in the neighborhood already. That would be a very costly flight in terms of hydrogen fuel. “This is serious,” she thought. “This is an emergency.”

    It was a search and rescue mission in Kaya forest, a mere hour drive from Shanzu. They agreed to regroup in ten minutes after each ibu brought the necessary gear. Kato did not have the full gear yet but someone from logistics already took care to bring him what he needed. Not everyone went though, as it was best to keep some of the personnel as reserves and some people needed to keep the base operational. 

    “Not meaning to be insensitive,” asked Kato hesitantly, “but why rush? The person has been missing for more than a week. Would an hour more or less make a difference?” Kato was hovering over the people who were double-checking their gear, trying to be helpful on one hand but also asking countless questions on the other. Njeri could tell he would have liked to come as well. Alhaadi brought his bag and since it was quite light with equipment, Njeri moved some of her gear to his.

    “We take our tasks very seriously,” she answered Kato, “and if it means we could save someone just by being there a minute earlier, we’ll do anything imaginable to do it.” Time is considered a critical asset and punctuality is regarded as a critical foundation in MAF, drilled down from day one. Njeri wondered how accustomed Kato was to time-keeping as some nima are less concerned with time-keeping than others. Fifteen minutes after being briefed, they were already on their way north.

    Hundreds of people, MAFex and civilians, scoured every piece of land and water between Mtwapa and Kilfi, shouting and calling for the missing person. Bird-whisperers listened to bird songs, eavesdropping on any gossip about a human body in the forest. Drones hovered above looking for heat signatures. Boats and kayaks combed the creek and a team of divers went to check whether the body was washed out to sea. Njeri went up the forest with Alhaadi who was the best tracker she ever met. At first he walked around aimlessly, but as he found more and more tracks, interpretable only to him, he began moving faster and faster. At a forest clearing he stopped and looked confused. “Did you lose the trace?” she asked, but he just huffed at her and ran around the edge of the clearing to the other side.

    Invisible from the other side, he found a small pathway leading up the woody hill. The ground was muddy soil and the heels of her boots dug in as she climbed. Eventually, he stopped underneath a tree in the middle of the hill and pointed up to its branches. “What’s that?” she asked. There was clearly something there, a human-sized cocoon-like shape, but she couldn’t make out the details behind the thick branches. She tried thinking how to investigate further or whether she should report it first when she heard a quiet breath not far from her. She realized a female leopard was standing in front of her up the path, trying to measure her.

    She stood tall. It was her first encounter with a wild leopard but she wasn’t scared. She said firmly “Hello there, is this your territory? I’m looking for a friend”. Alhaadi was calm as well as he was trained and unlike her he did have some experience with wild animals. He was closer to the leopard but he stepped back to make himself almost invisible against the flora. She knew he got her back. The leopard walked slowly towards her, looking disinterested, and then made a quick jump unto the tree. Njeri felt her heart miss a bit but she forced herself to remain calm. The leopard climbed towards the cocoon and before Njeri had time to consider if the cat had anything to do with it, it crashed down on her head.

    Seeing something moving fast toward her she wasn’t sure at first if it was the cocoon or the leopard. She tried to jump aside but her boots were stuck on the mucky mud and before she knew it she was already knocked down to the floor. She gained consciousness almost immediately but the first thing she saw was the dead man’s eye staring back at her from a mere inch distance. The body was mostly covered by something organic but the howling white face was clear and in front of her, etched into her mind. She tried to push the cocoon off of her but it was too heavy. Alhaadi came in an instant and together they managed to roll it aside. She was covered in muck. The leopard had vanished. The body was staring blankly at the sky. She used her radio to report her finding. She couldn’t take her eyes off the body until support arrived but the eyes continued to haunt her long after.

    The next moment she was lying in her own bed, staring at the ceiling. She knew she called the carrier drone and instructed it to land at the clearing. She then sent Alhaadi to lead the extraction team while she watched over the body in case the leopard returned. It was all automatic. She didn’t feel present. Her mind was lost in the sunken dead eyes. She remembered explaining how she came about the body, the leopard and how it fell on her. She remembered pointing at the tree and someone climbing to find any clues to what had happened. And she cared, or at least she thinks she cared. She also remembered her flight with the carrier-drone. That was her first flight ever and amazing as it felt, looking at the world from a bird’s view, losing her thought to the quiet hums of the rotors, she also thought of the cost of that flight. The price paid by her dead flight-mate.

    The flight was short, barely twenty minutes. She gave another debriefing at the base and went for a very long shower. When she was finally done, Naomi came to find her. “How are you? You looked a bit off,” she asked. “I’m alright, I think,” Njeri remembered answering. Naomi asked her about the leopard and about seeing a dead body. She felt very tired and asked Naomi to continue the conversation after she rested. “It’s fine, no pressure. I just wanted to make sure you’re alright. I’m here if anything comes up,” Naomi reassured her. They hugged and Njeri retired to her room.

    She woke up from her own scream. It took her a moment to realise where she is and recall the events that happened since the body fell on her. In her nightmare the body fell on her again, but this time the dead person’s mouth opened and with leopard sharp teeth tried to bite her head off as she woke up screaming. She heard a soft knock on her door. She opened and Alhaadi slid inside. He sat on the edge of the bed without saying a word. She hugged him. “You heard me scream, didn’t you?” she asked and she could sense his sympathy from his big round eyes. She asked if he had any nightmares. He pointed to her pillow.  She crawled back to bed and touched him, feeling comforted knowing that he’s there. The nightmares didn’t cease, but his presence was comforting nonetheless.

    The nightmares continued the next night. They even seeped into the day. Whether it was ghosts or hallucinations from lack of sleep, Njeri was shellshocked. On the third day, Naomi suggested they would visit the dead person’s kana. She thought it would be good if Njeri knew more about him and hopefully that would help her see more of the person than just a dead corpse. They arrived at his home later that day and joined the nugo’dala. The place was crammed with family and friends retelling stories of his life. His name was Bakari. He used to kayak a lot as a child but following an accident at the age of sixteen, he decided to focus his life on environmental restoration. He would spend countless hours in Kaya forest and probably knew the terrain better than any of the pathfinders that mastered that area as if it was the back of their hand.

    Death is an unavoidable tragedy. As such, it deserves a place of respect and acceptance rather than fear and willful ignorance. It is customary that when a person dies, everyone who ever knew him would meet and together in a nugo’dala. They would write the story of the person’s life, with as many details and perspectives as they can add. Perhaps there was a time that such a wealth of information would have allowed to resurrect the person in the form of artificial intelligence but now it’s considered more respectful, and healthier for everyone involved, to accept one’s fate to let them rest as the book of their lives is sealed forever. In some cultures they might even burn the book ceremoniously to symbolise that all that remains are the memories shared by the person’s loved ones. In Bakari’s case, the book was kept in the bolo’s library along with his ancestors.

    Njeri contributed to the event as she told once again how she found the body. She couldn’t explain about the organic material the cocoon was made of. It was still being examined. The only thing they knew at that time was that whatever it was, it helped preserve the body from decomposing, which actually made it more difficult to estimate how long he was dead before the body was recovered. That night Njeri went to bed at peace, feeling a sense of closure, seeing the whole person and how much he was loved and respected by his peers, friends and family. That night she slept in peace. But she was never the same again.

    Her kana was there for her. They knew when to simply let her be and when to push her forward. A hollow shell as she was, she was pushed but something besides Bakari died in Kaya. She could no longer face dead corpses and random encounters with animal carcasses would send her spiralling and incapacitated. Alhaadi would take her by the hand and slowly walk her back home. She was ashamed, despite everyone being compassionate and understanding. She had long conversations with most of her siblings as well as her biological parents. She talked with other people who suffered from post-trauma. Most of them retired from active service after a random event left them with an emotional scar that wouldn’t heal. She never felt alone in her distress and no one tried to push or force her to “snap out of it” as everyone knew that pushing the trauma inwards will only cause it to implode later on. She sat quietly with Alhaadi and watched the sunset together. But she knew she wouldn’t be able to come back. 

    She was loved. She knew the entire bolo, if not the entire tega, would do anything in their power to help her. But she accepted her fortune—not without regrets—and so did they. She walked up the barren hill toward the brass bell. Everyone at the base came to honor her departure. They all stood and saluted, but a moment before her hand reached the bell, Alhaadi broke ranks and ran toward her. She felt the warm tear run down her dusty cheek.

    When he reached the top of the hill, she hugged him. She whispered, “I’m sorry for leaving you, but know you’ll always be with me.” He stood next to her in salutation as she rang the bell to announce her surrender.

    Ringing the bell is a matter of pride. It requires accepting that your fate lies elsewhere. Anyone could, at least in theory, give up anytime they liked, but this didn’t mean their bolo would give up on them. Njeri had heard stories of people who fought their way to the bell, only to realize how much their bolo loved them and decide to give MAF a second chance. She felt the warm evening wind caress her face. No one stopped her, but she knew they all loved her, their glistening eyes fixed on her from the bottom of the hill.

    When she came down from the hill, her kana hugged her as everyone else slowly dispersed. She would still spend the night with her family, and although she could stay as long as she needed, she had decided to find a new purpose in the “civilian” bolo. That evening, as they all sat around the campfire, sharing laughs and stories, she noticed Kato and decided to approach him. “I heard you’ve been partnered with Alhaadi,” she mentioned. “Yeah, I guess,” Kato answered. “I don’t know, he seems very… stoic?” They both glanced at Alhaadi, who was sitting by the fire, as quiet as ever—like a majestic beast watching over its pride. They chuckled. “Yes, he’s an old gruff,” Njeri said, “but he is the best partner I could ever hope for. You look after him.” Kato smiled. “I will.” After a moment of silence and fire-gazing, he asked, “Where will you go?” “I’m not sure yet,” she answered truthfully. “I guess I’ll try to find something akin to pathfinding,” she said. “Maybe at the nursery. If I’m bored, I can always send the children to the forest and then go look for them.” She was half-joking. She loved navigating and exploring, and while she could still do it, it would no longer be her ikigai.

    Kato was quiet for a while before saying, “On my way to Shanzu, I passed through the sadi of Mombasa and met a facilitator there.” Njeri listened intently. “The sadi is so big that people—especially those coming from out of town—often need help finding what they need, so the facilitators find it for them.” Njeri’s eyes lit up. “That sounds very interesting. Thank you.” She had been to the market a couple of times before but had never inquired too deeply into the lives of the facilitators. Her skills might be useful after all. She felt grateful. The fire died out on its own long after the last ibu retired to bed. It just so happened to be Alhaadi.

  • The Beating Heart

    The first time Onkwani saw Kioni will forever be etched on his heart. She was sitting on top of the cargo-filled electric truck with a friend, laughing and chatting. The truck drove slowly into the loading bay as Pops instructed it to reverse. It was a magical moment and Onkwani couldn’t help but stare. Her laugh was captivating, her flowing hair, the twinkle in her eye. Jabari was talking to him but he didn’t pay attention, the entire world just faded away. She noticed him and stuck her tongue out in a playful defiance. It was the same time that Jabari slapped the back of his head that the world flickered back to existence. He blushed as Jabari said “Come, we need to help unload the truck”. The truck was filled with string-tied packages of fabrics and bags filled with fragrant spices. Onkwani’s duty was to unload the truck, make sure everything was registered and accounted for and then send the different parts to their destination in the sadi. His kana pride themselves as being the best facilitators in the sadi. “Best,” of course, was a subjective mix between service quality and speed that allowed all facilitating kani to consider themselves “best” on their own account.

    The sadi was the beating heart of the vudo of Mombasa and probably the entire sumi of Kenya, with estimations of several millions of items and goods exchanging hands every day. Produce and resources were transported from everywhere to be redistributed to where they were needed. Its clockwork efficiency was a thing to behold but to its participants it was just their normal day of life. They couldn’t imagine it working in any other way, let alone monetizing it. Everyone involved – from the crafters, the vendors, the facilitators, the distributors and the  beneficiaries, saw their own identity as an integral part of this great mechanism that provided them with anything they needed. Surely they were free-loaders who took more than their actual need but, surprisingly or not, there weren’t so many of them – either because of the societal reciprocation it might lead to but also because of a widespread sense of communal ownership. 

    The person who sat next to the driver introduced himself as Sarki, which made Onkwani chuckle quietly. A while back it was very common for the heads of more hierarchical kani to name themselves “Sarki” but it got rebuked since, so for someone to still call himself that it was either old-fashioned or out-of-touch. The two kani introduced their members to one another. Sarki explained that he normally goes to a different loading bay in Mombasa, however his usual facilitating kana has taken the day off. “Yes,” Pops explained, “There was a big celebration last night for having a week without any hurricane in northern America and some folks partied until very late”. North America had disastrous weather continuously for more than a generation. “Ah, that’s understandable, we also celebrated back in Shimoni,” said Sarki. “Anyway,” he continued, “I would have waited but today we’re in a bit of a rush so we figured we might as well make new friends”. Pops laughed and embraced him “Of course! Let’s see how fast we can get you out on the road”.

    As the truck was stripped away from its cargo, Sarki handed Pops his “shopping” list and Pops read it out loud, giving his own little snarky commentary at the expense of Sarki’s usual facilitator. He was very respectful but still found small gaps between efficiency and quality that anyone who ever worked with more than one facilitator heard countless times. “Ten kilos of Maravi coffee beans” Pops said and frowned, “Talk to me in days”. Sarki was Surprised with this question “Umm… well, we usually give away about two thirds of it and drink the rest ourselves in about a month before we re-supply”. Pops just nodded and went back to browse the list. Onkwani, still unloading parcels while listening to the conversation, knew that this is how Pops get people’s curiosity. Expectedly, Sarki quickly broke “Why? Do you have anything better to offer?”. Pops looked at him and answered sincerely “Personally we drink Kiruga. I doubt you’ll get ten kilos but if it’s a question of quality…”. Onkwani was always impressed at how Pops knows how to press the right buttons. “Can I taste it?” Sarki asked and Pops answered “I’m afraid I don’t have any here but one of the ibu can take you to meet the vendor?”. Sarki turned impatient “Argh, I could drink Pocari sweat for all I care but hold on”. He turned towards the truck’s popped hood and shouted “Kioni! When you finish tinkering there, take one of the ibu here to check if you like their coffee!”. Onkwani’s heart missed a beat when he heard the name, and trying to keep his cool asked Jabari if he would mind to finish unloading on his own. Jabari chuckled, seeing straight into Onkani’s heart and gave him the blessing he was yearning for.

    Out of the loading bay and into the busy street was quite a sudden overwhelming change for Kioni. “Oh wow,” she exclaimed “I’m not used to this”. The street was crammed with people brushing shoulders with one another and a cacophony of dozens of voices shouting, laughing and chatting. There were no cars but the ten meters wide streets were packed with stalls, stands and carts slowly trudging in the slow mindless flow of people ploughing through. Vines growing on and between the buildings provided shade from the day’s zenith sun and birds were chirping between the branches. Kioni was about to step forward when a cat ran past her. She shrieked and jumped back laughing in surprise. Onkwani, took her hand and dragged her with him in the flow, “No worries, just don’t let go”. She was slightly older than him but her surprise gave him a confidence boost. He felt he could be someone that she could trust and it made him feel good. They navigated through a few streets, alleys and avenues and eventually reached a cafe in front of a fountain where children splashed around and a musical band played folklore music. “This isn’t the vendor”, Onkwani explained, “but they make it really good”. If Kioni was doubtful she didn’t show it. Onkwani asked the barista to prepare their coffee and handed her a small cup of black coffee. She tasted it and quickly laughed “It tastes just like Maravi”. Onkwani smiled, “That’s because it is Maravi. Now try this”. He handed her another cup and she tasted it. “Oh, ok, I understand now”. She gave a piercing look and he felt his ears getting red. He then took her to the vendor who was happy to see him and meet her.  They stood in a small room that was open towards the street. The room had a strong smell of coffee from dozens of canvas bags that stacked up to hide the walls.  A creaking old ceiling fan was hanging above them. “How much do you need?” the vendor asked her and she replied it’s for about 20 people for one month. The vendor thought about it for and then ran around the bags, talking to himself, counting and having imaginary arguments back and forth. “I can give you 8 kilos. It’s not much, I know but this as much as I can spare,” he said apologetically. “Let’s make five kilos of Kiruga and five Maravi, that should be ok?” she suggested and the vendor jumped on the offer “Yes! That works better. if you like next month I’ll try to get more, yes?”. She shook his hand.

    Walking back to the loading bay, Onkwani mustered the courage to ask her where she was from. “Oh, I’m actually from Mtwapa. I was apprenticed to become a mechanic in Nairobi and as part of my training I joined a delivery caravan for a year. I got eight more months left”. “Oh, and will you go back to Nairobi after?” he asked her, his mind was constructing countless future possibilities in which he would see her again, hold her hand again. “I’m not sure yet,” she answered, completely oblivious to his anxiety, “nomadic life is kinda interesting and I get to see places, so I might keep it a while longer”. They kept chatting for the rest of the morning. He showed her the rest of the market, secretly hoping she’ll fall in love with Mombasa and decide to stay there when she finishes her apprenticeship.  When they finally returned to the docking area she thanked him for showing her around and gave him a kiss on the cheek. When his ears turned red she just laughed “Oh, I just wanted to see them do that,” he blushed but laughed too.

    They kept in touch, exchanging messages every few days. Their lives kept them busy but it filled Onkwani with excitement every time he checked his inbox in hopes a message would wait for him. He never replied straight away, reading her message, her stories and her questions several times, formulating what he was going to say and writing drafts in his mind before eventually committing them down. His heart leaped up when she wrote she’ll be visiting Mombasa soon. He couldn’t wait to see her again, to spend time with her, to hold her hand, perhaps even kiss her. He wasn’t a virgin, but as patriarchy lost ground and sex was now considered less of a matter of ownership or a declaration of love, his mind wasn’t focused on that. Or at least it wasn’t a goal.

    The day she arrived, her kana went back to their former facilitators. It was expected as they’ve been working with them for years and were mostly satisfied with their service. But Kioni managed to find the time to come see him and he was elated. He was planning to take her out to eat in his favorite place, but she surprised him by asking if they could go to a music show instead. He was dumbfounded and barely managed to say yes. She explained that when Sarki told the facilitators that they went to Pop’s last time, not only they praised Pop’s for his excellent service as a facilitator they only mentioned that Jabari was a musician and just happened to play a show this evening. Of course Onkwani knew about his show, and he was torn between wanting to support Jabari and his desire to see Keoni but Jabari played quite often and Onkwani figured he’d manage one night on his own. Well, now he could feed two birds with one scone, he tried to cheer himself up, but wasn’t fully convinced.

    As capital-gain became less of driving-force, the music industry slowly devolved. There were still plenty of musicians. In fact, there were even more people who could play music, as more people had the leisure time to learn and participate in music-related activities, but a “musician” would be considered as someone who created their own original music. “Jammin’,” or improvised music would be a popular recreational activity but the debate never settles if one can be a musician and not a “jammer” or the other way around. Music shows often had one musician or more to lead the event with players who know the tune and more often than not jammers, which would make the event interactive and unique. Music is still recorded and distributed but on a considerably smaller scale as free live local music is very common and often more attractive.

    Jabari was actually quite a famous musician in Mombasa and whenever he would put on a show, as in schedule a venue and announce he’ll be playing his music, it would draw out a fairly decent crowd of several hundreds people. Normally in such events the musician or the band would sit in the middle, circled by jammers’ who would normally amplify the experience and beyond that sitting or standing and dancing were the rest of the audience. Onkwani and Kioni weren’t jammers but they got spots nearby. Kioni was mesmerized. It felt at first the Kioni wasn’t used to Jabari’s industrialized music but either she picked it up quickly or she was a natural dancer. They danced together and although Onkwani couldn’t play a musical instrument to save his life, he was a decent dancer and he felt they truly connected through the dance and the music.

    Industrialized Music had a meaning far removed from the twenty first century’s music industry. To put it bluntly, it’s a mere genre characterized by particular instruments and traditional rhythms that might give association to a factory to someone who has never actually been to a twenty-first century’s factory. It wasn’t somber per-se, but it resonated with the mechanical and repetitive nature of industrial processes, evoking a sense of raw power and unrelenting motion. The rhythms were often harsh and driving, yet they carried an underlying energy that could be both hypnotic and strangely captivating, reflecting a world shaped by machinery without fully understanding its true complexity.

    The end of the show was quite cathartic and sharing the experience Onkwani wanted to kiss Kioni but stopped himself as he felt her mind was elsewhere. She was euphoric. “This was amazing,” she was jumping up and down. “Thank you for bringing me here”, she said while hugging him and he felt a tinge of disappointment sink in. It wasn’t him that made her so happy, it was Jabari and his music. He was jealous. Walking back from the show, their minds were elsewhere.  As she was jabbering about the show, he played with the thought of learning to play a musical instrument as well and perhaps even becoming a musician himself. “It’s a good thing,” he tried to convince himself. His feelings towards Kioni made him want to become a better person. “Isn’t that what love was all about?” he asked himself.

    He wasn’t sure whether to tell her he asked Jabari to teach him how to play. He contemplated on keeping it a secret until he could at least follow a basic tune without messing up. They kept their messages but the anxiety in him just kept growing. It was silly, he knew it. She was lovely as always  but it was him that yearned for affirmation and for her to tell him he was “good enough” for her, whatever that means. He wasn’t even sure what it meant as he simply wanted them to be together, in some deeper sense than he could explain.

    About two weeks later, Onkwani was at the train station to deliver supplies when a young man carrying a MAF conscription bag asked him where he might find something to eat. Onkwani quickly measured the man and estimated him to be slightly younger than him, and judging by the bag and the haircut, he assumed the person had recently been recruited to the MAF. “The best food is at the heart of the sadi. Would you like me to show you the way?”. The person was a bit embarrassed, afraid to be of nuisance. He was hesitant but Onkwani was with his normal cheerful mood, “Come!,” he grabbed the person by the hand and walked with him through the flows and currents of the busy market streets. Like Kioni, the man was also overwhelmed by the hubbub and Onkwani took him by hand, helping navigate through the swarm of people. He introduced himself and asked for the person’s story as they walked. His name was Kato and as Onkwani guessed, he was on his way to the MAF base. “Is there anywhere to get a haircut here?” asked Kato and Onkwani laughed. “Of course”, he said, “but you probably don’t want to look too eager on your first day. Don’t worry, you’ll get an opportunity to get the standard haircut at the base”. This put Kato at ease. Kato told him he was from Arua. Onkwani had never been there but he knew it was smaller than Mombasa. “I’m not sure how big the sadi is in Arua, but here it’s so big it has a spatial challenge,” Okwani said. “Oh?” Kato inquired in curiosity. “Yes, because the sadi is so big, there’s a difference if something is in the center or on the outskirts, or if a particular producer is near one supplier or another”. “I get it,” said Kato “So the things in the middle would be the less critical things?”. “Well, that too. But also the more important things, or for that matter -”, Onkwani said as he spread his arms towards the two-hundred meter in diameter plaza that appeared in front of them “the best food”. The rest of the sadi felt like clouds passing by in comparison to the chaotic plaza. Piano and strings were playing from one of the corners and some of the men were singing along. The smells of about dozen different kitchens all cooking together was intoxicating. Tables of different shapes and sizes, big and small, long and round were scattered between them. “What’s so special about this food compared to the food stands we passed on our way here?” asked Kato and Oknawi explained – “Most food everywhere is local and seasonal as that’s the most available. Imported food, and most importantly spices and grown-tissues, are more likely to find their way here in quantities big enough to produce a decent dish for a big crowds”.

    Agriculture, as it was manifested in the beginning of the twenty first century, as it evolved over ten thousands of years of domesticating and harnessing nature to serve humanity’s needs, is now considered deplorable. The industrialization and intensification of farming practices, driven by the pursuit of higher yields and economic gain, have led to insurmountable environmental degradation, and loss of biodiversity. Capitalism has stripped away any regards about animal welfare. Game, beef, pork and poultry have been intentionally named so to disassociate from their living animal-source. If humans were a mere resource in capitalism, animals were reduced to the raw-material of a product. The promise that agriculture and industrialism will eventually free mankind of toil has long been disproven. Instead, Agroecology has taken a strong hold and now covers most if not all produce. Nurtured and tended forests, orchards, gardens and polyculture fields provide humanity all the food it needs. The physical labor might be the same, if anyone ever bothered to measure, but as people tend to the plants that will feed them they do so with love and care which doesn’t feel as chore to most of them. The excess produce is then shared with other people in a symbiotic relationship that keeps everyone nurtured. As for meat – it is now extremely uncommon but most people won’t call themselves vegans as they would still eat meat-tissues grown artificially.

    A round cheery old lady called Okwani and rushed to hug him, “Ah, my boy! It’s so good to see you again, come and let me get you a proper dish. Who’s your friend here?”. Onkawi introduced the lady to Kato and she sat them both at one of the long tables. They didn’t have to wait long before a bowl filled with a stew-looking dish was planted in front of each of them. “What’s this?” said Kato, raising a spoon with a small braised square grown-tissue. “Aha! I’m guessing you’ve never tried that,” said Onkawi “That’s grown-tissue. It’s like a fungus, it’s essentially protein”. When Kato tried it he couldn’t help himself talking with his mouth full, “This is amazing!” and Onkawi laughed, but then stopped all of a sudden when he noticed at a round table not far from them Jabari and Kioni having a meal together. Kato looked in that direction and asked “Is everything alright? Do you know them?”.

    Onkawi felt his world shattering. A sickening feeling of betrayal left a bitter taste in his mouth. He didn’t know if he was angry more at Kioni who didn’t tell him she was in Mombasa, or the fact she chose not to spend time with him, or at Jabari who was in it as well. He felt he was wronged and owed. The thought she preferred someone else raged him. He didn’t realise he was shaking in anger until Kato put his hand on his arm. “Hey, it’s ok, I got you”, Kato said. Those are the only words Onkawi could make out in the crashendew around him. He looked into Kato’s eyes and heard him say “Take a deep breath, you’re going through a panic attack, just breathe with me”. They took a few breaths together until he eventually managed to calm down. He told Kato his story – “Jabari is from my kana, he’s also an amazing musician. I met Kioni twice when she visited Mombasa and we kept in touch. On her second visit we went to see Jabari play. I was surprised she’s here without telling me and surprised to see them together, is all”. “It sounds like a big deal, you have feelings for her, don’t you?” asked Kato. “Yeah, I do,” admitted Onkawi. “And from the looks of it, we get the impression she doesn’t share those feelings,” Kato asked, trying to assess the situation. “No… Yes… I don’t know” he mumbled. Kato put a calming hand on his shoulder, “You never know, I’m guessing you never confronted her about this. This could be just a simple miscommunication or maybe she got the wrong impression first”. Onkawi sighed “Yes, I guess you’re right”. It gave him some hope that perhaps there was some misunderstanding. Maybe he wasn’t explicit enough, maybe he misread her messages, maybe he missed a message, maybe she was hoping to surprise him.

    He was conflicted between confronting her there and then to ease his anxieties or to wait for a better time, but eventually she saw him. She seemed delighted, completely oblivious to his inner turmoil she ran to him, hugged him and kissed him. He noticed that Jabari was still sitting at the table, chatting to the lady who brought him a drink to taste. “The caravan isn’t in Mombasa, I just made an emergency visit to fix a transponder and bumped into Jabari while waiting,” she told him and as he suspiciously turned it around in his head, the story sounded plausible enough. “I actually need to head back, will you walk with me?,” she asked. He was about to say that unfortunately he can’t when Kato approached him “Hey, I better get going. Thank you so much, I’ll find my way out, don’t worry. Peace be upon you!”. Onkwani barely had time to protest before Kato disappeared in the crowd. Kioni said her goodbye to Jabari and was now ready to go with Onkwani to pick up her transponder. He’s been ruminating about what to tell her and eventually just blurted it out.

    “You seem shaken, is everything alright?,” she asked him as they walked along. Jealousy is a very problematic feeling as it comes from a sense of deprived ownership or entitlement for something someone else might have. Oftentimes this feeling of deprivation projects unto one’s self image and worth. But was Kioni ever his? Monogamous relationships still existed but grew out of fashion as the attitude towards sex has changed. Now they were the exception and considered something the couple should consent to and not assume it as the default. “You know that I like you a lot. I was surprised to see you with Jabari. I know it doesn’t necessarily mean anything but I felt a strong sense of jealousy,” he confessed. “Oh,” the understanding dawned on her. “I’m sorry I made you feel that way. I like you too, I enjoy the times we spent together and I’m always looking forward to your messages…”. He felt an iron ball of emotion about to fall down and crush him to smithereens “… but I like Jabari too, it doesn’t contradict.” . “There you have it,” he tried to conceal the physical manifestation of the pain he felt in his heart. She continued “He’s so talented and his music really spoke to me. It felt like it understands me… just like your letters do”.

    In its core, jealousy has some sensibility – sharing a limited resource, such as a Kioni’s attention, would ultimately mean that Onkwani will get less of it, but in reality it wasn’t ever really his to claim ownership of. He loved Jabari as if he was his own flesh and blood and he knew to be a good person. If he was to share Kioni’s attention, he would rather it be with Jabari than anyone else. Expecting to have her indefinite undivided attention would’ve been unrealistic and unfair to either of them, he realised as they reached the repair workshop. He hugged her and said “I’m just grateful you’re part of my life”. She smiled and kissed him. “Thank you, I’m happy to have you in my life as well, she replied, and he felt that it was all he could ever hope for.

  • A Journey

    It was Amazu’s older brother, Bakari, who introduced him to rowing. At the age of twelve Bakari has been rowing for only one year and being three years younger, Amazu was simply too small to row properly, but Bakari let him join him in the Kayak when he would sneak at dawn to the Mtwapa creek to practice. Their parents knew, of course, as enough peering eyes saw them go back and forth and surely someone from their bolo watched over them while they were in the water. But in the young boy’s mind the shared secret made it even more special. It was just him and his big brother rowing through the morning mists up the creek and then let it flow back downstream to start the early day.

    Fifteen years later, Amazu would still row almost every morning. Now in the much quieter Ologe lagoon and along with a seven-members team who shared the rowboat he captained. They would spend between an hour or so going around the lagoon, practicing various maneuvers and techniques or just finding their mindfulness. Amazu never bothered to check how long it actually took them, and never bothered asking his team members that had “the tyranny of time dominate their lives,” as he told them. In many aspects he has changed a lot since he left Mtwapa – He became more sound and resolved; He now laughed far less than he had as a child who walked after his mischievous brother everywhere; He tried to avoid electronics in his life as much as possible. For his work in the university he used an old black-and-white terminal that was too slow to play videos but was adequate enough for him to write his essays and exchange correspondences. He would mail his family frequently and call his mother at least twice a week – using a public terminal. It wasn’t unheard of – there was a growing majority of people, especially young academics, who felt liberated when no electronic devices captured their attention. It helped them feel more connected to the presence, to themselves and to the people around them.

    This is why a note was waiting for Amazu attached to his quarter’s door when he got back from his morning rowing. It was sealed for privacy and had his name written on its cover – a telegram that someone from the communal office probably picked up for him. The message inside was unnecessarily brief but Amazu could recognise his mother’s precise styling. “BKR missing; CB”. His brother was missing and he should call back. Thoughts and speculations rushed in to fill his mind. He talked to his mother just a couple of days prior and she didn’t mention anything about his brother, whom he chatted with last week, when he mentioned he’s off to work at the Kaya Forests. Amazu assumed his brother didn’t return nor reported back but it could’ve been some time before any alarm was raised. He wondered if he should check his terminal as he guessed his mother would’ve tried to contact him directly first before using the public telegram service.  He decided to go make the call before anything else.

    Bakari loved rowing like his younger brother, but he often challenged himself further rowing turbulent waters and even white rafting, while timid Amazu didn’t feel the need for the adrenaline rushes. When Bakari was sixteen he had an accident while rafting at Kilfi County. The shattered elbow marked a sad ending to his rowing passion, but it was the knock on his head that set the course of Amazu’s life. Bakari argued that while under water he saw a spiritual entity. No one took it seriously, not even Bakari himself, but Amazu was fascinated about the idea. Spiritualism and religion were nearly forgotten ideas as humanity found other ways to understand and communicate with nature and the world around them. The experience has slingshot his life towards becoming a religious history researcher, all while his Bakari, with a slapped ego and a weather-sensitive elbow, has turned into hiking and horticulture.

    The main study hall was a massive room with an open-space plan. Some workstations were communal and some were private and sound-proof. Amazu found a vacant workstation with a terminal capable of video calls and called home, knowing that his mother rarely took her mobile terminal with her. He wondered if this would deem an emergency enough in her mind to carry her terminal with her but figured she would probably redirect her communication to her mobile anyhow. Shortly she answered. “We haven’t heard from your brother since he left to the forests, his kana didn’t hear from him either” she said. At the age of twenty-seven Bakari was living with his own kana of two more adult partners and four children they raised together. “He went on his own,” explained Mother, “he was meant to be back a few days ago. The entire tega is looking for him”.  Amazu imagined the thousand people of the Mtwapa tega scouring the fourteen kilometers stretched between their home and the Kaya forests. Most of it has been re-natured and it would be more difficult to plow through. “Have you contacted the MAF for support?” Amazu asked. “Yes, last night. They arrived this morning and sent heat-seeking drones to map the area” she answered. “How are you holding up?” he checked on her. She sighed and as she talked he could sense the exhausted tremble in her voice “We’re ok, everyone has been very supportive, I just wanted to let you know”. He thanked her and asked to keep him informed. They concluded the conversation with their normal greetings.

    Shortly after his accident, Bakari argued that he saw a glowing person under the water that reached out their hand towards him. Whilst Amazu was bewildered at this unnatural incident, their parents just nodded and asked Bakari if he believed it held any meaning to him. Bakari contemplated it for a while and eventually dismissed it as hallucination caused by the accident. But Amazu couldn’t let it go. He tried to convince his brother it was a message from the “beyond”, whatever that may mean or that at least he’s special or gifted. However Bakari did not entertain that thought. He was still hurting from the now healing elbow and didn’t feel special at all. He didn’t feel the need to be “special”. If anything, the incident only reminded him of his mortality. Amazu began to read  about paranormal activities and spiritualism and grew more passionate about it by the day.

    Later that day, while sitting in the communal study area where he was meant to read an ancient manuscript he ended up just staring at the paper. He kept playing the last conversation he had with his brother in his mind; He tried to trace back the route to the forests Bakari took him on his last visit. He tried to think of the wild animals in the area, although most of them were tracked and monitored. Anxiety got the hold of him. It was his colleague Chioma who snapped him back to reality by asking “Where are you today?”. He replied, embarrassed, “My brother went missing for a couple days now”. She looked worried, “hmm, is his kana ok? Is there anything we can help?”. He thought about it for a bit and then replied “Yes, I believe they’re ok. The entire tega is looking for him”. She looked at him inquisitively, “Will you join them?” and sizing him up and down added jokingly “it’s not like you very useful here anyhow”. He looked down at the manuscript, embarrassed. He often told his colleagues that “Our research might be important to understand some big existential question but let’s face it, it’ll never be a life-or-death question,” and now he felt this statement is truer than before. “You’re right,” he said, standing up, “I’ll be more helpful there”. She hugged him and after a long embrace she asked, “should we come with you?”. He put his hand on her shoulder “I believe it’s ok, they got MAF involved in the search, I’m going there to provide emotional support to his kana and our parents”. She held his hand, “I’m sure they’ll appreciate it, and if you need us, we’re a telegram away”.

    For about ten years, Amazu was fixated on the idea that Bakari was “chosen” by a cosmological entity, long after Bakari himself conceded that he was probably hallucinating. Amazu was fascinated by the notion of the paranormal and anything that science couldn’t fully explain. Later in life, he would attribute this “childish passion” as the coping mechanism he used to cope with the fear of losing his brother. But at thirteen, it was pretty much the only thing on his mind. He would spend hours on end in the study room reading and watching archived videos of anything remotely related; and talked about it to anyone who showed a shred of interest. Reflecting back on that time, Amazu recalls his bolo encouraging him to study further, but also harshly judging any attempt to bring the idea of religion to anything beyond a light discussion. They particularly detested rituals and politely excused themselves from any attempt he made to bring any spiritual element to their life. When he suggested praying before a meal his mother told him that “It’s very important to be grateful to have food on our table, the earth the provided it and the ibu that toil and prepared the meal, but no, there was no god or any other deity to took part in the process”. However, it was his mother who encouraged to pursue his passion by furthering his education at the nima’sadi in Lagos.

    A vast network of high speed railway tracks, spanning thousands of kilometers,  connects all major human population centers in the world. With trains that dart through at nearly two thousands kilometers an hour, commercial flights have become nearly obsolete. A direct train crossing six thousand kilometers from Lagos to Mombasa would’ve taken him little less than four hours, but as Amazu looked at the train schedule he realized the next fast train will head out only the next day. Transportation is essentially free, but it’s naturally limited due to availability and capacity. A yearly allowance allows most people to travel locally almost limitlessly, but long distance travel is considerably costly and when done in excess it’s frowned upon for environmental reasons. Taking this under consideration he decided to take twelve-hour-journey with the indirect night train, which will arrive roughly the same time as the direct train, but would cost only a fraction.

    The nima’sadi in Lagos is one of the biggest academic research centers in the world and it’s free and welcoming for everyone. It wasn’t the archaic notion of a single teacher facing a class filled to the brim with bored students, as all learning materials are available freely via the archives anyhow. Instead, it was a place for cultural exchange or a sadi of ideas. Everyone contributes to research and exploration, with no particular hierarchy beyond ad-hoc work-groups (Kani) with their unavoidable internal power dynamics and family dramas. The nima’sadi was for those passionate to learn what’s not yet available in the archives and to contribute new materials into them. Amazu was just overwhelmed at the prospect. He couldn’t have been more grateful for having someone who volunteered to mentor him until he found his bearings. He was introduced to various topics so he could find the niche that suited him best and indeed shortly after he joined the kani who researched the evolution of religion.

    It was six in the morning when the train made a stop at Kampala. Amazu was meditating when he heard the shuffling next to him. He opened his eyes and smiled towards the awkward shy young man who was preparing to sit in front of him. Amazu estimated the boy to be about fifteen. “Good morning” the boy mumbled towards him and he replied with “Blissful morning”. He noticed the big conscription bag the boy was carrying – a long tube, one meter in length and forty centimeters in diameter with the initial “M.A.F.” painted on its side. Growing up in Mombasa, Amazu has seen plenty of bags like this before. He asked “I take it you’ve just enlisted, eh?”. The boy, taken by surprise, confirmed it “Yes, or actually I’m traveling to enlist today, but is it that obvious? Am I that ‘green’?”. Amazu laughed and explained “Well, it’s the haircut that gave you away. You see, most Mafexi are quite zealot about their  traditional haircut for some reason. It’s not mandatory, but an act of solidarity that whoever decides to break is usually already with ‘one foot outside the door’”. The boy nodded in understanding. Amazu introduced himself “I’m Amazu, I’m traveling from Lagos to see my family in Mombasa”. He was hoping the boy would introduce himself as well, and he did. The boy replied “I’m Kato, I’m traveling from Arua to the MAF base in Mombasa”. Amazu confessed “I’ve never been in Arua. What is it like?”. Kato wasn’t sure what to answer, and eventually mumbled “Yeah, it’s a good place… the people are friendly and we live in abundance”. From the little Amazu knew, Arua wasn’t particularly rich but he guessed that a modest lifestyle made it seem plentiful to the young person. Amazu smiled and asked “Do they have anything like MAF in Arua?”. Kato smiled back and confessed that, “No, we don’t. I probably wouldn’t have gone all the way to Mombasa if we had”. Amazu understood that Kato wasn’t running away, rather looking for something he couldn’t find elsewhere.

    As part of their first week of acclimatization, young students are encouraged to provide a presentation about the topic of their passion, and much to their horror it’s often attended by prestigious researchers. At the end of Amazu’s inaugural presentation about the purposefulness of religion, an esteemed researcher asked him for the difference between religion and spiritualism. There was a chuckle from the audience and Amazu knew it was a simple question to help him gain confidence. He answered “Religion is a communal structured values and beliefs system that usually relies on some level of spiritualism”. The researcher looked satisfied, and the nodding from the rest of the audience eased Amazu to know he had found his place. The researcher then said “Personally, I see religions as a guideline to the world around us- how things work, why they work this way and how we should interact with them to get the best result. Can you think of an example of a religious act to demonstrate that?”. Amazu didn’t think too hard for an answer – ‘Washing your hand will prevent you from being sick”. The researcher was a bit surprised by this, “but that’s not religious – that’s science!” and Amazu replied “Yes, but people washed their hands for religious reasons long before they knew about germs”. Amazu still remembers the feeling when the audience applauded him. He felt at home.

    Kato took out two oranges from his bag and offered one to Amazu who accepted it with gratitude. Kato asked “You mentioned your family in Mombasa, were you born there?” and Amazu explained “Well, Mtwapa would be more accurate, but yes”. Kato was  curious “How is it like? Are there a lot of mafexi? Do they carry guns?”. Amazu smiled and looked at the passing view, a green savannah creeping through and reclaiming an abandoned town as people now built more densely to provide nature the space it needed to thrive. “No, mafexi barely carry arms. They only have it when it’s absolutely essential or for very specific practices,” he turned his head back to Kato and said, “The chances for an accidental misfire are nilled when there are no guns around, and they take safety, particularly of civilians, very seriously”. “Oh, is that so?” Kato asked, Amazu felt it gave the boy some reassurance. “I take it guns were not a part of your daily life, then? Have you seen a gun?” Kato asked. His persistence on the subject made Amazu wonder whether had doubts about his enlistment or perhaps he was overly-enthusiast about guns. He figured that if the latter was true, the boy should probably hide it, else he might be sent home. The MAF didn’t want people whose fingers can be too dangerously light on the trigger. He replied “I have seen paintball guns before in some exercises they did that were open to the viewing public. I can’t recall any situation where MAF were involved and the use of violence was the only means to resolve a crisis”. “Have you ever considered joining the MAF?” Kato asked and Amazu shrugged it off “No. I appreciate what they’re doing but I don’t think I’m cut out to deal with such stressful situations. I found my passion in studying religion”. It was more accurate that at the time he found faith in religion, but hindsight it was easier to explain to a stranger that he liked studying rather than admitting he was a silly zealot who was believing in mythical beings.

    Amazu’s favorite dissertation was about the evolution of mythical beings, which he presented after five years in Lagos.  He explored various themes and stories about ‘heroes’, often supernatural and referred to as “gods” that were used to explain particular natural phenomena, events or a group’s identity. Some gods were responsible for a particular aspect , such as rain or fertility, and people would address them for assistance, blessings, or intervention. Local and personal deities were eventually “subdued” to a single monotheistic god. Even after giving up faith as spiritual inspiration a few years later, Amazu still found it fascinating that often monotheistic gods managed to fight amongst themselves, thus admitting there was actually more than one god. Amazu explained that religious wars weren’t actually about which god to worship, rather which human authority represents this god, and the fact that this so-called god never intervened was the foretelling that led to his eventual denunciation of faith.

    Kato admitted he didn’t know much about religion. It wasn’t surprising, as the concept ‘religion’ has long become a thing of the past. Many elements from it were carried over seamlessly, such as community and solidarity, while elements like its mythology have been reduced to fictional fables, not particularly popular as many of them promoted chauvinism and violence. “I think the most I know is that ‘heaven’ and ‘hell’ were some imaginary places with religious connotations, but that’s about it”. Amazu smiled, he appreciated the boy’s honesty and humility. “Yes, some religious people believe that after you die, you are judged for your deeds and then sent accordingly to either heaven or hell,” he answered. “Why would you send someone to hell? What horrible deed did someone do to justify that?” asked Kato, concerned. “Religious people believed that sinners would be sent to hell – those who refuse to abide by the ethics that their particular religion dictates”. “Would killing someone be considered a ‘sin’?” asked Kato, and Amazu replied “The Simple answer would be ‘yes’ but most religions were far more lenient about killing their enemies, or about self-defense”. “Oh, so it wasn’t about the actual act of taking a life,” pondered Kato. “Exactly,” said Amazu, “Most religions didn’t forbid killing, as long as it took place within the boundaries they permitted and even those weren’t set in stone”. Kato wrinkled his nose at this “I imagined it to be less flexible, I guess”.

    Amazu once asked Bakara to hike with him to Kilfi to try and bargain with the mysterious underwater deity. “How exactly were you thinking to bargain with it?” ask Bakari, as he was recovering  in bed from the accident. “I don’t know, talk to?” Amazu shrugged his shoulders. “Are you assuming this underwater person or thing speaks your language and wants something that you’re willing to give?” Bakari asked, further shaking Amazu’s confidence. Stories about supernatural entities weren’t very common but Amazu found old folktales in the archives about people who bargained with omnipotent beings. “How does the bargaining work exactly?” asked Bakari and Amazu, who was already doubting himself, explained “You do something for the deity, or at least promise you’ll do something, in exchange for the deity’s service. Another way to please or appease a deity would have been to commit a ‘Sacrifice’  – whether it was a crop percentage, an animal or even a human sacrifice. Another option is by doing something or abstaining from certain activities, even if temporarily. For example you can ask to make it rain in exchange for some of your produce”. Bakari wasn’t convinced but they went on their hike nonetheless. The mysterious creature was nowhere to be found. Maybe there are gods, he later thought, but in their absence, is it really worth doing anything different from trying to be the best and kindest person one can hope to be? That thought has led eventually to the realization he doesn’t need a god to meddle his life as he rather takes ownership for his own life. Now sitting on the train, that thought haunted him again.

    “I would’ve thought,” said Kato, bringing Amazu back to the presence, “that religious people, who presumably adhere to an extrinsic set of values, would be less likely to commit immoral actions, such as killing?” asked Kato. Amazu thought about it for a moment and then replied “‘killing’ is immoral with or without religion. Many religious murderers simply find justification for their actions, for example by arguing that killing non-believers is permissible and sometimes even desired, hence the crusades and jihads”.  “It’s a bit odd, isn’t it? That all-powerful gods sent their humans to fight, no? Have they ever wondered why those gods aren’t fighting one another directly?,” Kato asked. That was a good question, Amazu was impressed.  “Well, it’s actually the same god in most aspects all parties agreed there’s only one god”. That made Kato laugh. Confused, he asked “Then why are they fighting?”. Amazu decided not to dwell deeper into the different sects and branches of the same religion that fought mercilessly against one another and instead answered “The dogma, or the world’s description and the worshiping instructions, were different and man fought those who held a different dogma”. He then continued “Imagine a group of people on a boat when one of them decides to drill a hole at its bottom,” Amazu said. “That sounds silly, why would they do that?” ask Kato, confused. “It doesn’t really matter why, they have their reason and they’re sure it’s the right thing to do. But that’s the thing – from a monotheist’s point-of-view, anyone who doesn’t conform to their dogma are just like that person drilling the hole – they’re ‘messing it up’ for everyone”. Kato sighed, “It seemed like it was dangerously very important for these men to be right”.

    The train made a stop at Nairobi. Looking out the window, Amazu witnessed a person walking with the goats following him. The person asked the train operator something Amazu couldn’t hear but guess they asked for the direction of the animal-friendly train-cart. The train-operator pointed at one of the carts, petted one of the goats and headed off. The person gave each goat a small treat and headed towards the cart, the goats merrily following him. The train took off again, the rhythmic clatter of the tracks providing a steady backdrop to Amazu’s thoughts. As the landscape blurred past, he felt a growing sense of anticipation and unease.

    Kato, noticing Amazu’s silence, asked softly, “Do you think your brother is alright?”. Amazu took a deep breath, then replied, “I hope so. Bakari is strong and resourceful, but sometimes the world has its own plans, doesn’t it?”. Kato nodded, understanding the uncertainty in Amazu’s voice. The conversation drifted back to more mundane topics, but Amazu’s mind was elsewhere. He thought of the last time he and Bakari had rowed together, the sun rising over the misty creek, and how everything had seemed so simple back then. Now, he was heading back into a world filled with complexities, where even the most advanced technology might not be able to find a single missing person in the vast expanse of nature.

    Kato looked out the window and Amazu could feel the boy was anxious as well. He tried to give him one more piece of advice – “Religion and morale code often goes hand-in-hand. This is most certainly true if you ask a religious person. On the other hand, many zealots felt entitled because of their self-proclaimed high morale code”. It seems Kato understood the point he was trying to make – “So it’s not about religion, rather the moral code it binds you to, or that you bind yourself and whether this code is a guide for good or a justification for malice?”. Amazu smiled, “exactly. You believe that all living things deserve respect and that is your morale code. If you ever feel that being in MAF contradicts this belief I trust that you’d know to do what’s right. And for what it’s worth, respect for all living things is part of the MAF’s creed, at least officially, so I think you should be safe”. Kato smiled at him in gratitude.

    As the train came closer to Mombasa it aligned to the shoreline and the green floating rectangles in the ocean caught Kato’s attention. Hundreds of squares, many of them had a mobile wind-turbine kite and a water-regulator attached. Slow boats floated between the different plots. Kato looked at them with interest. “The first time I heard of the de-acidification project, I envisioned something quite different,” said Amazu but Kato couldn’t draw his eyes away. Amazu made erupting gestures with his hands – “Something like massive pillars of water shooting outwards from the ocean with great engines that will process the water somehow.” Kato smiled and Amazu continued – “it feels almost like magic to me, that the processes that destroyed the planet were not reversed with the same full-blown careless energy, rather than with gentler, more natural approach, working together with nature to heal it rather than forcing it again into something that is not.” Kato nodded – “what’s the green in the water?” and Amazu replied – “algae and kelp.” He explained – “besides absorbing the carbon from the water they’re also used for various products so it’s quite beneficial in every aspect”.

    They boarded off the train and Amazu looked at the station and how little it changed since he last visited his family. “Good luck finding your brother,” said Kato and Amazu nodded in gratitude. The man with the goats walked passed him, having an overly lively conversation with one of the goats that seemed to be hungry. Kato and Amazu chuckled at the scene. “Would you find your way to the MAF base?” Amazu asked and Kato assured him he received detailed instructions, but he’s hoping to visit the sadi and have something to eat first. “That is a good idea,” said Amazu and they hugged before parting ways. Seeing the boy walk away carrying the bag that was half his size, Amazu quietly wished him a safe journey home, whichever home might be. He then went on to look for a ride that could take him to Mtwapa.

    MAF recovered the body a day later, the cause of death was still unknown. Amazu was sitting near the water bank at Kilfi, looking at underwater weeds swaying with the flow of the water. He knew dozens of cautionary tales warning against trying to cheat death and despite the part of him refusing to accept his brother’s fate, he knew it was the inevitable, non negotiable truth. The rumbling sound of the gushing water helped streamlining his racing mind to the countless religious explanations why people die unexpectedly and what happens after death. But he knew it was just his way to grief. His brother was dead, no religion is going to change that fact. He didn’t believe in the afterlife, but if there was any he had no doubt his brother would be somewhere peaceful. He didn’t believe his brother crossed paths with anything sinister, be it human, natural or supernatural. He stood up and had one last look at the water. Perhaps he was giving the imaginary underwater person one last chance to come and barter for Bakari’s life. Perhaps he came to tell it that his brother was gone. Perhaps he needed to close the chapter in Bakari’s life that began fifteen years earlier when he nearly died and every day since was a privilege that he tried to make the most of. Amazu left, the water kept on flowing.

  • Farewell to Kato

    Juma’s mind was blank. He preferred it that way. His entire being was focussed on the hot air in his lungs, the smell of dry dirt and the beating shocks running through his nerves every time his jembe hit the hard soil. His work was monotonous as every swing matched an imaginary drum, playing in harmony with the others diggers around him. Sweat ran into his eyes, causing him to blink. He stopped his work for a moment and became aware of his stiff, aching back. Straightening his vertebrae slowly he realized Neelai was standing in front of him. Almost half his age, her smile radiated with confidence and pitiful, annoying, understanding. He became aware of his surroundings again, standing in the water bund trench he spent all morning digging. Around him, most of his kana were looking at him, each one or two diggers standing in the water bunds they’ve been working at. He inhaled deeply to catch his breath, trying not to act as old as Neelai, but mostly Kato, often made him feel. Kato was in his teens and his burst of energies were a thing Juma can only envy in reminiscence to his own teen days forty years prior.

    “How are we doing?” Neelai asked in her cheerful tone. He nodded at her, unable to resist smiling back at her through his aching muscles. “Shall we call it a day? We’re starting to get hungry,” she suggested. Juma looked up and, shielding his eyes from the sun, he could tell it’s about midday. He sighed and nodded. She reached out a hand and helped him out of the water bund.

    A dozen of them were standing in a sea of hundreds three-meter-in-diameter half-circle water bunds. Ten of them were of his own kana, and two from other kani who often joined them. People were usually part of the kana they felt most dear to them – whether it was their biological family or their interest of passion. But this didn’t prevent them from pursuing other interests and occasionally joining activities of other kani. Juma’s kana had sixteen members but Leinot, Naanyu and Olomunyak volunteered to do some house chores, Loolenjai picked up a new project they were passionate about and then there was Kato. Juma preferred not to think about Kato. 

    Juma whistled to get the rest of the people’s attention and announced it’s time to head back. The exhausted men and women seemed relieved to finish their work and slowly went towards the pile of bicycles they came with. They still had almost an hour to cycle back home, but they were cheerful. They had a productive morning and still had the rest of the day ahead of them to pursue other interests or just leisure. But Juma felt that his world was caving in. He would have been ok to keep digging until the end of time but he knew that despite the massive hole aching in his heart, he’ll be better off spending the rest of the day with the rest of his kana.

    Kato left him; left the kana; left the bolo of his parents and most of the people he ever knew. Perhaps Juma could stomach that, anything but “running around and playing with guns”, as he mocked Kato when he first heard of his intention to enlist. Juma’s sense of failure came not only from the worry that his kana hasn’t been welcoming enough for Kato, but also from the disbelief regarding Kato’s tolerance towards guns and violence. Despite the complete elimination of lethal guns, they were still generally frowned upon as a violent tool and people who were drawn to them were often regarded with suspicion.  Juma knew Kato from a very early age, as he knew most of the fifty odd people in their bolo and to his knowledge, there was no particular incident that could explain the path Kato chose for himself. Like most people, Kato grew up in the “nursery kana”, which most prospective parents choose to join as it’s easier to raise children alongside other young families. As Kato and his twin sister Leila grew older and became independent enough, their parents decided to go back to their original kani. Their mother worked in mechanics and their father was an artist. Kato argued that “art wasn’t practical”. His father would make a sour face, jokingly offended, but never really took it to heart. Juma became aware of Kato’s predicament after a month he spent soconding his mother in mechanics. Although that was inaccurate. His mother returned to work in mechanics when Kato was less than two years old, and he has often accompanied her. So when she finally moved back to the mechanics kana, Kato, now thirteen years old, was already quite a decent mechanic himself. But he felt that it wasn’t for him, and with adolescent moodiness he made it clear to everyone else as well.

    Juma liked Kato, as he reminded him of his own energetic youth. And along with the rest of the bolo who worried how to support the young rebellious teenage boy, Juma believed the boy was missing a purpose. “Finding oneself is an essential step in one’s personal growth and identity,” he said often. Despite having the community allowing individuals to be themselves instead of dictating who they ought to be, teenage youth still often struggle to define themselves. So is the nature of teenagehood. Juma saw that art was too “abstract” for Kato, and while mechanics is important, he understood that Kato wanted more to life than simple maintenance work. They would chat when they went running. Often in the evenings, some folks from the bolo would go out running in the Ajai wildlife reserve and Juma was always impressed with Kato’s vigor when they ran together. Kato wasn’t particularly fast but he was relentless and would simply not give up. Juma managed to convince him about the importance of the water bunds and their contribution to the environmental recovery efforts. It’s hard, laborious work and extremely gratifying when the water bunds become green patches that expand, connect and become a green savannah.

    Kato spent two years at Juma’s kana before he announced his intentions to enlist. Enlisting wasn’t common. No one in the bolo has enlisted for the past two decades. A mere few from the entire tega of Arua enlisted during that time. It wasn’t surprising or sudden. Kato shared his thoughts and feelings and his friend, despite not agreeing, still respected him and didn’t make him feel bad about it. Juma even offered to accompany him to see what it’s like. The nearest base was near Mombasa – a half day train journey. Given the visitors’ tour of the base, Kato was intrigued but Juma wasn’t impressed. Perhaps it was his prejudice, he later thought, but the need for hierarchical power structure, the sense of needless urgency and “running around with guns and acting violently towards other living things,” as he told Kato on their train back to Arua, did not impress him. Kato was grateful Juma came with him, and appreciated his opinion but disagreed with it. “I feel I can make a meaningful change by enlisting,” he told Juma. “And as for the ‘sense of urgency’,” he continued, “I see it more as an ‘aspiration for efficiency’. I like the ‘getting things done’ attitude. Life in our bolo is great, but everything is so slow I feel like I’m half-asleep most of the time”.

    Kato detested the violence, but at the same time believed that it’s a tool, albeit “unfavorable”. In truth, Kato never saw an assault rifle prior to that day, heard its booming shot or witnessed its disastrous results. Most people haven’t, as the last functioning assault rifle was demolished ceremoniously decades ago. They knew what it was, they’ve seen the old archives or seen the models in museums. Still, non lethal-guns, even tranquilizers were quite a rare thing. It wasn’t a “scary unknown thunder stick” as time-past primitive tribes might have once described it. Instead, it was a tool of intimidation and suffering. On the train back Juma and Kato discussed whether guns, lethal or not, have a place in the kind of imaginary society they wish to live in. “Guns are a tool for the oppressor to force their argument instead of finding a peaceful resolution,” Juma argued, “or in the case both sides carry arms and are ready to use them, guns are a path to an unnecessary bloodbath”. Of course from his point of view, all bloodshed was unnecessary. “Conflicts often stem from an inevitable power imbalance,” Kato replied, “A gun might actually give a fighting chance to the oppressed side”. “Guns,” said Juma, “bring an unfair advantage to the conflict, in the sense that they work fine, as long as they’re not used against you.” Their argument dragged on and Kato was on the edge of frustration-driven anger but inhaled deeply and asked in retort “Well, do you believe the world is fair? Without people with malicious intentions, who use the power imbalance to their advantage? And if the world isn’t fair, why not have guns to protect the underprivileged?” At that moment Juma felt pride in Kato, at his mannerism and articulated arguments. He imagined him as a grown man who can accomplish so much that he himself could only dream of. He wanted to tell Kato that guns are more likely to be used by those with malicious intentions. He wanted to tell Kato that having a gun in an argument, regardless of who is holding it increases the likelihood of violence. But instead he replied that “Indeed, the world isn’t fair, and having guns might be helpful for the oppressed but can just as easily be used against them. You are right that guns can also serve the good and protect the innocent, but just as likely and probably even more so, can also be turned against them.” This was a compromise they both could accept, as long as they silently agreed to overlook the potential abuse of power.

    It took Juma’s kana twenty minutes to arrive at the bees-guarded hedge that prevented elephants from entering the young growing savannah, and another forty minutes of cycling until they eventually arrived at the hub in the center of the community. They parked their bikes in the shed and entered the buzzing courtyard. Three long tables were set at the southern wall next to the bolo’s communal kitchen and after picking their lunch they sat down to eat and continued their chat. Juma made a conscious effort to stay focused in the conversation but found it impossibly difficult. It was Neelai who pulled him back to reality again as she asked, “Care to talk about your feelings?” It was a common question, an invitation to offload without being judged or resented. Juma appreciated her genuine concern. “I can’t shake off my feeling of loss and sense of personal failure”. “Kato’s leaving is hard for everyone who knows him,” she reassured him. “No one believes it was your fault, and that you wouldn’t have given anything to change the stubborn boy’s mind.” He thanked her for her kind words. “Of course, I know that, but it seems I just can’t shake the feeling away,” he told her. She suggested “Could it be that this bad feeling wasn’t triggered by his departure but  is actually an insecurity you’re fighting against?”. He agreed it might be the issue and promised her he’d look inwardly to see where this feeling originates. By this time, the meal was over and Loolenjai, stacking the dishes into a tall pile, asked Juma “May I take your bowl?”. Juma felt it was a good cue to finish his conversation and insisted on helping. Loolenjai was a very lively person, with a rolling laugh and a quick tongue. “Oh, that would be most appreciated, there you go,” Loolenjai said, and handed him the entire pile of bowls, to everyone’s laughter. They spend the next fifteen minutes washing the dishes together while singing merrily out of tunes without a care in the world.

    Juma spent the rest of the day climbing “challenges” on the northern wall of the courtyard. 10 meters high and filled with customized nooks and crannies the Esendai kana sets every week. Looking at them climb was mesmerizing to him. It looked like they were traversing the wall as if it was a flat surface. Many people in the bolo enjoyed climbing for leisure while Esendai used that valuable skill more professionally, whether for construction, maintenance or even for search and rescue every once in a blue moon. Of course, it was the mechanics who did the maintenance but often when high altitudes were involved, a professional climber would join to reassure everyone’s safety.

    Despite his youth and energy, climbing was one of the few things Juma could still match Kato. “Strength and agility are vital for climbing, but they are just as important as technique and the mental mindset,” Juma would often remind his young and eager protégé. Juma climbed a particularly difficult challenge where he had to stand on a big rounded knob providing only a ten centimeter ledge and nowhere for the hands to hold. From there he was meant to make the leap to the next part. He inhaled deeply, getting ready for the jump. This challenge was built last week and he remembered what he observed when Kato tried to conquer it. The boy was scared to make the leap and spent a lengthy time on the knob while Juma tried to encourage him to jump. He did, but his hand missed the nook and he fell off to the thick mattress below. Juma remembered helping Kato get up on his feet, telling him, “You’ve got what it takes, it’s the hesitation that weighs you down.” Kato tried a couple of more times and even managed to touch the nook, but it slipped away again. “I’ll try again another time,” he promised Juma he’ll try again some time but he never got around to it before he left.

    Leila, Kato’s sister, joined Juma at the wall. If Kato was all about power, Leila was about agility. A common joke in the bolo was saying that they both can move through a crowd at ease, but while Leila slips-through unscathed like a feline, Kato would simply carve a path like a rhinoceros. “Good evening Juma,” Leila greeted him as he was looking at the wall, planning his next challenge. “An evening of light,” he greeted her in return, “How are you? Have you heard anything from your brother already?” She laughed and said “You know Kato as well as I do and you know that if we heard from him so soon that would be a reason to worry.” She was right. It would be surprising, not to say concerning, to hear anything from him in the first month of him being away, even if it was his first time away on his own. Kato was never an overly communicative person. Being the twin-brother of Leila who began to talk at the age of merely ten months and six months after could already express her wishes coherently, Kato was subjected to a merciless comparison and forever became the slowerof the two. As much as he was loved and nurtured like any other child in the bolo, this experience haunted him forward and shaped his personality – living in the shadow of his intelligent sister. “Juma, how would you suggest I go about the purple overhangs?” she asked him about the climbing challenge she was planning to do. He felt that she was  being kind and asking him just to give him a small sense of being needed. He smiled, and asked “What options have you considered?” “Well, I thought to swing my right foot to the third hook and then grab above the fold with my right hand,” she suggested. “Oh, I don’t think I had that level of agility for a long time,” he laughed, “But I trust you, I’m sure you can do it. It’s definitely worth a try.” He then continued, “How would you suppose someone with my level of agility could solve it?” She thought for a moment and then proposed “I guess you can try to grip the underhook with your right hand and push your leg directly on the wall so you’ll be high enough to grab above the fold with your left hand.” He smiled at her triumphantly, “That sounds like a good backup plan.” She smiled back, “Thanks, you old cheat,” and then laughed.

    She managed to complete the challenge on her second attempt, having the original plan too agile even for her and as she sat to rest he asked, “How are you feeling about Kato’s departure?”“I’m trying not to think about it too much,” she answered. He apologized for bringing up the subject. She said “It’s ok. Of course, I’m sad that Kato left but at the same time happy for him for pursuing what he believed was the right path for him. I may disagree with him,” and she had, vocally, and more than once “but I also believe it’s more important for him to try, rather than live in constant regret for not trying.” Juma agreed with her.

    Later after the communal dinner, Kato sat in his quarters and wrote his day’s reflections in his journal. He could see Kato’s shadow cast in every activity and action that happened that day. He felt a deep forelonging for the silly brash young boy  he cared so much for, that he saw himself in. He closed his eyes and there was Kato. With his curious eyes, a snickering smile and the unmistakable teenage boy aroma people often teased him about. “It pains me that you left,” Juma told him, “and I cannot shake this feeling of disappointment that has gotten a hold of me.” The look on Kato’s face pierced through his heart. He knew that Kato wanted a structure, to be part of something bigger and a sense of fulfillment. Kato needed, at least for this part of his life, a rush of adrenaline and to push himself to become the man he saw himself growing up to be. There was nothing wrong or pointless in digging water bunds day in and day out, but Kato was at a stage he wanted more than life. And Juma understood it. The imaginary Kato that stood in front him and reassured him, not the young silent boy he really was, but the manifestation of all Juma ever wished Kato to be. He imagined how their conversation would go. “It’s all good. Time passes, life moves on and people change,” he said. Juma reminded himself “I know. I should be grateful for the time I got to spend with you and only wished I had more.”. The imaginary Kato laughed “May I remind you that it was you who warned me not to over-exert myself on my first day of digging. ‘Too much of anything is never a good thing,’ you told me.” Juma felt how his own words were used to taunt him. And then the imaginary Kato stopped laughing and looked at him with sincerity. “Is the memory of me too painful?” he asked Juma. “It’s an unfair question – The memories of our time together is something I’ll forever cherish, but this doesn’t negate the aching hole in my chest” Juma answered. Kato comforted him “In time the hole will be filled with love of other people and please don’t bury me just yet – he is still out there, still respecting and loving my old mentor,” despite never being too vocal about, as most teenage boys are, “and we will meet again.. “Yes,” Juma reassured himself, “we’ll meet again, and yes, despite not going the path I had wished for him, I am proud of you, for your independence and maturity.” Juma disliked the mere idea of guns, but he believed that Kato’s pure heart will lead him towards peace, with himself and with others. He was worried, and he knew he’d be worried for a long time. But he believed in Juma and this belief has eventually helped him into a restful sleep.

  • Glossary

    In my stories, I may have used a few words and phrases that are worth explaining. Some of them are simply uncommon or borrowed from various languages; and some were adapted from P.M.’s dictionary “bolo’bolo”

    A water bund is a rainwater harvesting technique consisting in digging semi-lunar holes in the ground with the opening perpendicular to the flow of water. These structures allow water to seep into the soil, retaining in the subsoil a greater amount of moisture. But also, it prevents the loss of fertile soil. Water bunds are successfully used nowadays to reforest arid zones with irregular rain patterns, allowing the growth of plants and trees, such as in the Sahel.

    A jembe is a long-handled hand tool with a blade set at an angle to the handle. It’s used for digging, breaking up soil, and removing weeds. The word “jembe” originated in Swahili in the 19th century.

    An ibu is an individual or a person. The term is not excluded to humans and can therefore extend to any sentient being.

    A kana is a family-unit which isn’t necessarily biological. It can be a household, a hunting party, a gang or a work-group. Kani is the plural form of the word.

    A bolo is a community or a tribe. Not as tightly-knitted as a kana but as a guiding principle, everyone in the bolo knows one another to some extent. A similar holistic meaning can be found in the word “Barrio”, in comparison to the more geographical-focused English equivalent of “neighborhood”.

    A collection of geographical bolos would be a tega, which represents a district or a town, while vudo would go even wider. A vudo is a city, but also a bioregion such as a valley.

    Fasi means transportation or travelling. The term also encompasses the means of transport, such as buses or trains.

    Nima is the driving force behind cultures, traditions and lifestyles. Its focuses on the theory and less on its practicality. A sadi is a place of exchange, essentially a market, although it isn’t monetary. Therefore, nima’sadi would be a place to exchange knowledge – academia, but without any forced hierarchical structure.

    MAF – acronym for “Mobile Aid Force”. A MAF-member would be called MAFex and the plural would be MAFexi.

    Sarki is a “king” in Swahili, while Olori is a leader

    A Dala is assembly or gathering

    Nugo is related to death, often but not necessarily in the context of “accepting death” or “wishing to die”.

    Ikigai is a Japanese word translated to “reason for being”. It’s often associated with finding purpose and fulfillment in life.

    Sashimono is also woodcraft that doesn’t require using nails. It’s also called “traditional joinery”.

    Suvu are precious drinkable water.

    Matooke is a plantain, or a green banana

    Kamobo is “step-” in Swahili (as in “step-parent”). As the family-units are less blood-related to begin with, Kamobo in this context has the same meaning as “god-” (e.g. “godparent”). It is an endearment term to show kinship.

    Sashimono is a woodworking technique for creating furniture without nails

  • The Breaking of Omelas

    The Breaking of Omelas

    For those who have never heard of the wondrous city of Omelas, I would recommend Ursula K Le Guin’s account of the city (In her short story “Those who left Omelas”), to better understand the city’s full spectrum of depths and heights.

    In the radiant city of Omelas, where joy and harmony flourished in every corner, a sombre truth, invisible to the outside, tainted everything in a dark, sticky soot. For all the city’s good fortune rested upon a single very unfortunate child, locked away in a small dark room somewhere beneath the city streets where the festivals marched, the markets were full of life, and the children roamed carelessly.

    Curled in utter darkness, covered in his own excrement, long given up calling for help or pleading for a bargain, he would just whimper to himself quietly, his tears long dried. He may be about ten years old, but his body was stunted at the age of six and sits crumpled like a man of old age. Occasionally, the door would open and a person or two would look at him in disgust. They never talked to him. Sometimes, one of them would look at him with shocked or curious eyes, asking questions about him to the other person, but never asking him. Sometimes they would kick him, questioning his humanity, never considering their own inhumanity.

    Not far from there, up above the street in the city hall building, an officiant was receiving members of the public. He welcomed a young mother with her newborn in her arms into his office.

    “Ah, good day, my dear! Congratulations on the birth of your child! Quite a joyous occasion, I’m sure. How are you feeling? And how is the babe? How can the municipality assist you in navigating these early days of parenthood? How may I be of service?”

    The mother was a bit embarrassed coming to his office, but his warm familiar smile reassured her enough.

    “Good morning, Officiant. The baby is well and I do hope to see you on his naming day two days forth. I am fine myself as well, for the most part. But alas, dreams of Omelas’ cursed child have haunted my sleep as of late and I wake with grievous worries for my own child…”

    The officiant furrowed his brows in a look of concern.

     “Oh dear! I can only imagine how disturbing this must be, especially with restless sleep that is a natural part of motherhood, and that it would be even worse to confuse the two children in your dreams. We praise the heavens, of course, it was just a dream. But was that it? Was it just a bad dream? Or have the bad thoughts lingered in your mind? Can I assure you in any way that your child is safe, and this nightmare was nothing but a bad dream fabricated in the mind of a caring mother?”

    The mother, encouraged by his willingness to hear her out, explained:

    “The question that troubled me as I woke up was: will my son ever be truly happy? Our city of Omelas is truly a city of beauty in all aspects, but it seems we have condensed all that is wrong into a single point, into this single child. And yes, perhaps it’s better than some allusive alternatives, but we haven’t really gotten rid of the sadness. Can we be truly happy whilst having that dark burden weighing on our hearts?

    The officiant, serving at his role for more than two decades, was quite familiar with this question.

    “Ah, the age-old question of the price we pay for our happiness. I understand your concerns, and I’ve pondered on it myself and not once. Happiness, unfortunately, isn’t the entire picture; something needs to counter-weight it, to balance against it. Happiness has a price and I personally believe we’re very fortunate for the arrangement we have. Sacrificing the happiness of a single individual for the contentment of many. We live a good life and the only price we pay is the knowledge that someone else is paying its cost.”

    “As for your son”, the officiant continued, “we should acknowledge that our happiness was bought and earned by someone else and we are grateful for that. And we should leave it with that. We, the citizens of Omelas, made this choice and it may not be a perfect choice but it is a good one. Perhaps by focusing on our good fortune you  and your child may come to terms with the knowledge of the poor child who is sacrificed on your behalf.”

    The mother considered the answer for a while but then replied:

    “You said we made this choice as a community. That is not correct. I never made this choice and neither did you and the child definitely didn’t. We accepted this choice. In the name of tradition. Tradition can explain past actions, but it cannot justify them and it’s definitely not responsible for future actions. We are.”

    The officiant was taken lightly aback from the mother’s reply and after a moment of hesitation answered back:

    ”Ah, an astute observation, and a fair point. ‘Acceptance’ is indeed a better word. We’ve inherited this tradition, and as individuals, we play a role in its continuation. This tradition has kept Omelas safe and its citizens content for as long as we know and now we’ve become custodians of its legacy, for better or worse. Many who didn’t approve of our customs have left, and our gates were and are always open.”

    He paused for a moment and looked at the worried mother as his last statement might have sounded like a suggestion for her to be dismissed, but then continued:

    “Of course we can talk about it as long as it will take to find a solution that would put your heart and mind at ease,” and as he saw her nodding in approval he concluded “just as long as we base our discussion on the consensus that the safety of Omelas outweighs the pity we might feel for that single individual.”

    The mother frowned at the last statement.

    “I’m not sure I agree that life at all costs outweighs what we do with it.” But before he had a chance to reply she continued – “In truth, I simply want my son to know nothing but happiness. I’m guessing any parent would wish that for their child.”

    The officiant felt more comfortable with this idea that he heard previously.

    “Of course you can simply not tell him. Let his blissful ignorance be his blessings. We can issue a decree forbidding everyone talking about it ever again. How does that sound? Won’t that solve the burden of guilt? Or perhaps it would be better to send the wretched child halfway across the world? Out of sight and out of mind? Should one care about a suffering person they’ll never get to meet or see and only hear about in old-nanny lullabies that are used to scare young children into obedience?”

    But the mother wouldn’t hear any of it –

    “Ignorance, especially when it’s intentional, does not absolve us from responsibility. Whether an atrocity is committed in the other room or across the world, by our own hands or on our behalf, the fact that we benefit from it makes us responsible. If we choose not to stop even if we can – it makes us complicit, if not guilty.”

    They stared at each other for a moment, but then an epiphany dawned on her.

    “I had the impression that our predicament is due to an unchangeable tradition. So how can we hide the truth from our children? How can we send the child away from the city as you just suggested? What is the core part of our tradition that we’re trying to protect?”

    “You’re quite a stubborn person, my dear,” said the officiant. Partly amused, partly irritated, but mostly hungry as he felt this overly extended meeting was eating away from his lunch break.

    “You are right. The idea of distancing the child from our immediate awareness might be a tempting one, but altering such a fundamental aspect may not be as simple as one might have liked. I fear that you are right, my dear, and even the distance won’t wash away our sin. Perhaps you and I should take a step back and find another way to reconcile the desire for a happier life for your son with the city’s complex traditions?”.

    He leaned forward as if ready to stand, hoping the subtle hint would be noticeable enough. The mother grew desperate and fearing to be dismissed answered in despair, she cried:

    “No, I’m really struggling to reconcile with a tradition that destined us to carry such a burden. Yes, it’s our tradition. Yes, it’s our forefathers’ decisions and yes it has given us a good life in most aspects except for the pity we might feel for this child. I can’t imagine how his mother could stand this. Did he have a mother? For as much as I can tell, he’s always been there and he always looked roughly the same – is he doomed to eternal damnation? Or does someone replace the child with a new one every decade or so? Heavens, I can’t imagine which option would be worse!”

    The officiant eased back to his chair, trying to push away the idea of lunch to the back of his mind.

    “I understand your struggle. I would like to believe most of Omelas’ citizens, being good-hearted people in nature, have shared it at least at some point in their lifetime. I’m afraid I cannot personally testify to you the mechanics of our tradition except for witnessing that it seems to work and that our lives are carefree for the better part of it. As for your question on perpetual suffering…”. He looked at her, took a deep breath and resumed. “As tragic as it may be, suffering is unavoidable. But here in the city of Omelas, we’ve been fortunate enough to be able focus most of it onto a single individual. We are better off, and it would be ungrateful to argue otherwise.”

    The tone of the conversation has become more tense but the mother felt just as aggravated.

    “You are right, Officiant. I’m very grateful for my fortunate life thus far. But this gratefulness stops the moment the atrocity continues despite my disapproval. In my years of living in Omelas, few left the city as they couldn’t reconcile with the guilt thrust upon them. But by leaving, they merely washed their hands, saying ‘I won’t be a part of this’. They never once said ‘This shouldn’t be. This must end’.”

    He sighed.

    “You are right. It is true. All those who left Omelas actively chose to wash away from their part in the city’s atrocity. Indeed most of them have left quietly, keeping their judgements, frustrations and grudges to themselves but a few have voiced their concerns. Some have even cried and shed a tear in front of me, pleading for a remedy for their aching conscience. And I consoled and comforted them. I even pleaded with them not to go. To see the reason for it all. It’s an awful truth we must accept, and unfortunately not everyone has the stomach for it.”

    The mother looked up to him.

    “You’re an officiant, can’t you do something about it?”

    To which he chuckled.

    “Oh my dear, I fear that even if my mandate as the city’s officiant is to care for its people, as far as the authority granted to me by its citizens, my duties are mainly to wipe away your tears and announce the beginning of the summer festivals ceremoniously.” He then pointed at the window behind. “This city, our good fortune, is all built on top of traditions, laws and rules that aren’t mine to mend”.

    Her quick response lashed at him.

    “And all these are built on top of the suffering of one boy. What use is a beautiful home when its foundations are rotten?”

    He looked at her quietly, speechless. After a while she asked:

    “I always believed we are free people. Free to choose how we live our lives; Free to break from tradition should we choose to; Free to change laws. So how can we change the city’s ordinance? We have no king to appeal to. No people in high power who can be persuaded. But surely there must be a mechanism that can exert our wishes?”

    The officiant calmed down a bit as questions about bureaucracies were his bread and butter.

    “Indeed, the absence of a central authority or a singular figure to appeal to complicates matters. And without meaning to discourage even further, our tradition is deeply ingrained, so the challenge lies not only in convincing individuals but in reshaping the collective consciousness and identity of the entire city. Such a change should come from the community and not from an alienated executive regardless. While it may feel daunting, conversations are a powerful tool. Engage with your fellow citizens, share your concerns, and listen to theirs. Sometimes, it’s the slow process of changing hearts and minds that can lead to shifts in collective perspectives. It may not happen overnight, it may not even happen in our lifetime and I can assure you it’ll be an uphill struggle, but talking with your compatriots is the only way to shape a new narrative for Omelas.”

    He hesitated for a moment, not sure how much he would like to encourage her to seek something he personally opposes.

    “As you mentioned, tradition can evolve, and it is the responsibility of each generation to question, reflect, and shape the path ahead. The very fact that you’re grappling with these questions suggests a yearning for a more ethical and compassionate existence. That is an admirable virtue, even if I don’t agree with you on the matter itself.”

    The mother was flattered by the comment, but also puzzled at his disagreement.

    “Do you still think that tradition is more important than the suffering of this child and our inability to ever be truly happy?”

    The officiant was quite reluctant to answer, feeling her chiseling away at his core beliefs. These same beliefs helped him to accept the burdened reality of living in Omelas.

    “I wouldn’t dismiss traditions so easily as you. They are important, they make us who we are, for better or for worse. You put the child’s welfare at one end of your scale and this meaningless label of “tradition” on the other, but this is a false comparison. Please remember my dear that it’s not merely “tradition” – it’s the thing that safeguard our lives and the beauty and fortune we have in our city. Are we really willing to risk losing all that? Would an unknown future really be better for your baby compared to what you have now? I’m not sure it’s a decision we’ll be able to take back once we realise it has been a mistake… So my answer would be “No”. The tradition of Omelas, with its complex moral implications, is deeply ingrained in our society. While acknowledging the weight of the child’s suffering, the path to resolution may lie in reassessing and transforming the tradition rather than outright abandoning it.”

    The mother’s frustration grew from the officiant’s answer but she clung desperately on his last comment.

    “How would you suggest we should transform the tradition into something less sufferable?”

    Losing his patience, the officiant answered what he hoped would help bring the conversation to its end:

    “Personally I don’t believe one can proactively choose to change tradition overnight. Traditions do change and evolve but it’s a long tedious process.”

    However, looking into her eyes, he added what he hoped sounded impartial:

    “Initiating open conversations within the community is a crucial first step. Encouraging a collective reassessment of our values and priorities may lead to a more compassionate approach that addresses the ethical concerns while maintaining the city’s well-being. It’s a challenging process that demands thoughtful reflection, empathy, and a shared commitment to shaping a more humane future for Omelas.”

    The mother grew bolder by his answer.

    “Yes, you are right. conversations are critical, and I’m starting one with you, right now. If I can’t convince you to lean to a ‘more humane future for Omelas’ as you said, how can I convince anyone else? Let’s imagine that you are the ruler of Omelas. That it’s your voice that counts, that you can make a difference – would you still actively choose to keep tormenting the child? Would you give the same answer if it was my newborn? Or if it was yours?”

    The officiant felt annoyed for letting himself be pushed into a corner.

    “I would like to think that both you and I would rather have a decision-maker who can be impartial even when they are personally and emotionally affected by their decision. But you are right, we would rather have decision-makers who care about their community as if they were their very own children. So yes, in the hypothetical role of a decision-maker, I would indeed seek a more humane future for Omelas and would try to imagine any child as if they were my own, rather than try to take empathy out of the equation. I would explore avenues to reshape the tradition and find a solution that balances the city’s stability with a profound respect for the dignity and happiness of every individual, including the child.”

    The mother was encouraged by this answer and relentlessly pressed further.

    “Yes, we need to mitigate between the safety provided by tradition and empathy and the promise for a better future. Help me, Officiant, please. You are smarter and wiser than anyone I know. You keep suggesting we have conversations in order for us to build a better future together, but this is what you and I are doing right now and I’m asking you what future can you offer me that would put my heart at ease. I appreciate your intention to seek a “more humane future” but I’m now asking you – what will be our next steps? What are our plans?”

    The officiant sighed in reluctance, accepting the fate of his now cold lunch.

    “My initial steps would involve convening a council representing various facets of our society to better understand the problem, its implications and potential alternatives. The council would embark on an open and transparent dialogue with the community, addressing the concerns and ethical considerations surrounding our tradition. The collective effort should prioritise the wellbeing of every individual, including the child, whilst ensuring the safety and stability guaranteed by our traditions through careful gradual steps.” 

    The two continued their conversation over days and included more and more people, turning the plan into reality. In the past, Omelas might have looked like a utopia to onlookers, with all of its magic and splendour, but it wasn’t, as its burdened citizens could never be truly happy nor free. On the day the people of Omelas decided to change their way, some of its magic might have faded and its splendor dimmed, but Omelas was indeed one step closer to achieving the prosperous place that is good for all, a true utopia.

    In the radiant city of Omelas, where joy and harmony flourished in every corner, a somber truth, invisible to the outside, tainted everything in a dark, sticky soot. For all the city’s good fortune rested upon a single very unfortunate child, locked away in a small dark room somewhere beneath the city streets where the festivals marched, the markets were full of life, and the children roamed carelessly.

    Curled in utter darkness, covered in his own excrement, long given up calling for help or pleading for a bargain, he would just whimper to himself quietly, his tears long dried. He may be about ten years old, but his body was stunted at the age of six and sits crumpled like a man of old age. Occasionally, the door would open and a person or two would look at him in disgust. They never talked to him. Sometimes, one of them would look at him with shocked or curious eyes, asking questions about him to the other person, but never asking him. Sometimes they would kick him, questioning his humanity, never considering their own inhumanity.

    Not far from there, up above the street in the city hall building, an officiant was receiving members of the public. He welcomed a young mother with her newborn in her arms into his office.

    “Ah, good day, my dear! Congratulations on the birth of your child! Quite a joyous occasion, I’m sure. How are you feeling? And how is the babe? How can the municipality assist you in navigating these early days of parenthood? How may I be of service?”

    The mother was a bit embarrassed coming to his office, but his warm familiar smile reassured her enough.

    “Good morning, Officiant. The baby is well and I do hope to see you on his naming day two days forth. I am fine myself as well, for the most part. But alas, dreams of Omelas’ cursed child have haunted my sleep as of late and I wake with grievous worries for my own child…”

    The officiant furrowed his brows in a look of concern.

     “Oh dear! I can only imagine how disturbing this must be, especially with restless sleep that is a natural part of motherhood, and that it would be even worse to confuse the two children in your dreams. We praise the heavens, of course, it was just a dream. but was that it? Was it just a bad dream? Or have the bad thoughts lingered in your mind? Can I assure you in any way that your child is safe, and this nightmare was nothing but a bad dream fabricated in the mind of a caring mother?”

    The mother, encouraged by his willingness to hear her out, explained:

    “The question that troubled me as I woke up was: will my son ever be truly happy? Our city of Omelas is truly a city of beauty in all aspects, but it seems we have condensed all that is wrong into a single point, into this single child. And yes, perhaps it’s better than some allusive alternatives, but we haven’t really gotten rid of the sadness. Can we be truly happy whilst having that dark burden weighing on our hearts?

    The officiant, serving at his role for more than two decades, was quite familiar with this question.

    “Ah, the age-old question of the price we pay for our happiness. I understand your concerns, and I’ve pondered on it myself and not once. Happiness, unfortunately, isn’t the entire picture; something needs to counter-weight it, to balance against it. Happiness has a price and I personally believe we’re very fortunate for the arrangement we have. Sacrificing the happiness of a single individual for the contentment of many. We live a good life and the only price we pay is the knowledge that someone else is paying its cost.”

    “As for your son”, the officiant continued, “we should acknowledge that our happiness was bought and earned by someone else and we should be grateful for that. And we should leave it with that.  We, the citizens of Omelas, made this choice and it may not be a perfect choice but it is a good one. Perhaps with focusing on our good fortune you, and your child, can come to terms with the knowledge of the poor child who is sacrificed on your behalf.”

    The mother considered the answer for a while but then replied:

    “You said we made this choice as a community. That is not correct. I never made this choice and neither did you and the child definitely didn’t. we accepted this choice. in the name of tradition. Tradition can explain past actions, but it cannot justify them and it’s definitely not responsible for future actions. we are.”

    The officiant was taken aback lightly from the mother’s reply and after a moment of hesitation answered back:

    ”Ah, an astute observation, and a fair point. ‘Acceptance’ is indeed a better word. We’ve inherited this tradition, and as individuals, we play a role in its continuation. This tradition has kept Omelas safe and its citizens content for as long as we know and now we’ve become custodians of its legacy, for better or worse. Many who didn’t approve of our customs have left, our gates were and are always open.”

    He paused for a moment and looked at the worried mother as his last statement might have sounded like a suggestion for her to be dismissed but then continued:

    “Of course we can talk about it as long as it will take to find a solution that would put your heart and mind at ease” and as he saw her nodding in approval he concluded “just as long as we base our discussion on the consensus that the safety of Omelas outweighs the pity we might feel for that single individual.”

    The mother frowned at the last statement.

    “I’m not sure I agree that life at all costs outweighs what we do with it”. But before he had a chance to reply she continued – “In truth, I simply want my son to know nothing but happiness. I’m guessing any parent would wish that for their child.”

    The officiant felt more comfortable with this idea that he heard previously.

    “Of course you can simply not tell him. Let his blissful ignorance be his blessings. We can issue a decree forbidding everyone talking about it ever again. How does that sound? Won’t that solve the burden of guilt? Or perhaps it would be better to send the wretched child half-way across the world? out of sight and out of mind? Should one care about a suffering person they’ll never get to meet or see and only hear about in old-nanny lullabies that are used to scare young children into obedience?”

    But the mother wouldn’t hear any of it –

    “Ignorance, especially when it’s intentional, does not absolve us from responsibility. Whether an atrocity is committed in the other room or across the world, by our own hands or on our behalf, the fact that we benefit from it makes us responsible. If we choose not to stop even if we can – it makes us complicit, if not guilty.”

    They stared at each other for a moment but then an epiphany dawned on her.

    “I had the impression that our predicament is due to an unchangeable tradition. So how can we hide the truth from our children? How can we  send the child away from the city as you just suggested? What is the core part of our tradition that we’re trying to protect?”

    “You’re quite a stubborn person, my dear” said the officiant. Partly amused, partly irritated, but mostly hungry as he felt this overly extended meeting was eating away from his lunch break.

    “You are right. The idea of distancing the child from our immediate awareness might be a tempting one, but altering such a fundamental aspect may not be as simple as one might have liked. I fear that you are right, my dear, and even the distance won’t wash away our sin. Perhaps you and I should take a step back and find another way to reconcile the desire for a happier life for your son with the city’s complex traditions?”.

    He leaned forward as if ready to stand, hoping the subtle hint would be noticeable enough. The mother grew desperate and fearing to be dismissed answered in despair, she cried:

    “No, I’m really struggling to reconcile with a tradition that destined us to carry such a burden. Yes, it’s our tradition. Yes, it’s forefathers’ decisions and yes it has given us a good life in most aspects except for the pity we might feel for this child. I can’t imagine how his mother could stand this. Has he had a mother? for as much as I can tell, he’s always been there and he always looked roughly the same – is he doomed to eternal damnation? or does someone replace the child with a new one every decade or so? Heavens, I can’t imagine which option would be worse!”

    The officiant eased back to his chair, trying to push away the idea of lunch to the back of his mind.

    “I understand your struggle. I would like to believe most of Omelas’ citizens, being good-hearted people in nature, have shared it at least at some point in their lifetime. I’m afraid I cannot personally testify to you for the mechanics of our tradition except for witnessing that it seems to work and that our lives are care-free for the better part of it. As for your question on perpetual suffering,…”. He looked at her, took a deep breath and resumed. “As tragic as it may be, suffering is unavoidable. But here in the city of Omelas, we’ve been fortunate enough to be able focus most of it onto a single individual. We are better off, and it would be ungrateful to argue otherwise.”

    The tone of the conversation has become more tense but the mother felt just as aggravated.

    “You are right, Officiant. I’m very grateful for my fortunate life thus far. But this gratefulness stops the moment the atrocity continues despite my disapproval. In my years of living in Omelas, few left the city as they couldn’t reconcile with the guilt thrust upon them. But by leaving, they merely washed their hands, saying ‘I won’t be a part of this’. They never once said ‘This shouldn’t be. This must end’.”

    He sighed.

    “You are right. It is true. All those who left Omelas actively chose to wash away from their part in the city’s atrocity. Indeed most of them have left quietly, keeping their judgements, frustrations and grudges to themselves but a few have voiced their concerns. Some have even cried and shed a tear in front of me, pleading for a remedy to their aching conscience. And I consoled and comforted them. I even pleaded with them not to go. To see the reason for it all. It’s an awful truth we must accept, and unfortunately not everyone has the stomach for it.”

    The mother looked up to him.

    “You’re an officiant, can’t you do something about it?”

    To which he chuckled.

    “Oh my dear, I fear that even if my mandate as the city’s officiant is to care for its people, as far as the authority granted to me by its citizens, my duties are mainly to wipe away your tears and announce the beginning of the summer festivals ceremoniously.” He then pointed at the window behind. “This city, our good fortune, is all built on top of traditions, laws and rules that aren’t mine to mend”.

    Her quick response lashed at him.

    ” And all these are built on top of the suffering of one boy. What use is a beautiful home when its foundations are rotten?”

    He looked at her quietly, speechless. After a while she asked:

    “I always believed we are free people. Free to choose how we live our lives; Free to break from tradition should we choose to; Free to change laws. So how can we change the city’s ordinance? We have no king to appeal to. No people in high-power who must be persuaded. But surely there must be a mechanism that can exert our wishes?”

    The officiant calmed down a bit as questions about bureaucracies were his bread and butter.

    “Indeed, the absence of a central authority or a singular figure to appeal to complicates matters. And not meaning to discourage even further, our tradition is deeply ingrained, so the challenge lies not only in convincing individuals but in reshaping the collective consciousness and identity of the entire city. Such a change should come from the community and not from an alienated executive regardless. While it may feel daunting, conversations are a powerful tool. Engage with your fellow citizens, share your concerns, and listen to theirs. Sometimes, it’s the slow process of changing hearts and minds that can lead to shifts in collective perspectives. It may not happen overnight, it may not even happen in our lifetime and I can assure you it’ll be an uphill struggle, but talking with your compatriots is the only way to shape a new narrative for Omelas.”

    He hesitated for a moment, not sure how much he would like to encourage her to seek something he personally opposes.

    “As you mentioned, Tradition can evolve, and it is the responsibility of each generation to question, reflect, and shape the path ahead. The very fact that you’re grappling with these questions suggests a yearning for a more ethical and compassionate existence. That is an admirable virtue, even if I don’t agree with you on the matter itself.”

    The mother was flattered by the comment, but also puzzled at his disagreement.

    “Following our conversation do you still think that tradition is more important than the suffering of this child and our inability to ever be truly happy?”

    The officiant was quite reluctant to answer, feeling her chiseling away at his core beliefs. These same beliefs helped him to accept the burdened reality of living in Omelas.

    “I wouldn’t dismiss traditions so easily as you. They are important, they make us who we are, for better or for worse. You put the child’s welfare at one end of your scale and this meaningless label of “tradition” on the other, but this is a false comparison. Please remember my dear that it’s not merely “tradition” – it’s the thing that safeguard our lives and the beauty and fortune we have in our city. Are we really willing to risk losing all that? Would an unknown future really be better for your baby compared to what you have now? I’m not sure it’s a decision we’ll be able to take back once we realize it has been a mistake… So my answer would be “No”. The tradition of Omelas, with its complex moral implications, is deeply ingrained in our society. While acknowledging the weight of the child’s suffering, the path to resolution may lie in reassessing and transforming the tradition rather than outright abandoning it.”

    The mother’s frustration grew from the officiant’s answer but she clung desperately on his last comment.

    “How would you suggest we should transform the tradition into something less sufferable?”

    Losing his patience, the officiant answered what he hoped would help bring the conversation to its end:

    “Personally I don’t believe one can proactively choose to change tradition overnight. Traditions do change and evolve but it’s a long tedious process.”

    However, looking into her eyes, he added what he hoped sounded impartial:

    “Initiating open conversations within the community is a crucial first step. Encouraging a collective reassessment of our values and priorities may lead to a more compassionate approach that addresses the ethical concerns while maintaining the city’s well-being. It’s a challenging process that demands thoughtful reflection, empathy, and a shared commitment to shaping a more humane future for Omelas.”

    The mother grew bolder by his answer.

    “Yes, you are right. conversations are critical, and I’m starting one with you, right now. If I can’t convince you to lean to a ‘more humane future for Omelas’ as you said, how can I convince anyone else? Let’s imagine that you are the ruler of Omelas. That it’s your voice that counts, that you can make a difference – would you still actively choose to keep tormenting the child? would you give the same answer if it was my newborn? or if it was yours?”

    The officiant felt annoyed for letting himself be pushed into a corner.

    “I would like to think that both you and I would rather have a decision-maker who can be impartial even when they are personally and emotionally affected by their decision. But you are right, we would rather have decision-makers who care about their community as if they were their very own children. So yes, in the hypothetical role of a decision-maker, I would indeed seek a more humane future for Omelas and would try to imagine any child as if they were my own, rather than try to take empathy out of the equation. I would explore avenues to reshape the tradition and find a solution that balances the city’s stability with a profound respect for the dignity and happiness of every individual, including the child.”

    The mother was encouraged by this answer and relentlessly pressed further.

    “Yes, we need to mitigate between the safety provided by tradition and empathy and the promise for a better future. Help me, Officiant, please. You are smarter and wiser than anyone I know. You keep suggesting we have conversations in order for us to build a better future together, but this is what you and I are doing right now and I’m asking you what future can you offer me that would put my heart at ease. I appreciate your intention to seek a “more humane future” but I’m now asking you – what will be our next steps? what’s our plans?”

    The officiant sighed in reluctance, accepting the fate of his now cold lunch.

    “My initial steps would involve convening a council representing various facets of our society to better understand the problem, its implications and potential alternatives. The council would embark on an open and transparent dialogue with the community, addressing the concerns and ethical considerations surrounding our tradition. The collective effort should prioritize the wellbeing of every individual, including the child, whilst ensuring the safety and stability guaranteed by our traditions through careful gradual steps.” 

    The two continued their conversation over days and included more and more people, turning the plan into reality. In the past, Omelas might have looked like an Utopia to the onlookers, with all of its magic and splendor, but it wasn’t, as its burdened citizens could never be truly happy nor free. On the day the people of Omelas decided to change their way some of its magic might have faded and its splendor dimmed, but Omelas was indeed one step closer to achieving the prosperous place that is good for all, a true utopia.